Pragmatic Ways To Prevent Road Crashes

Driving may be the close to touch-and-go activity with which we argon acquired. political relation estimated the ending of 4,000 peck and injury of 5000 per annum however agree to study of WHO in 2009 the annual terminal is more than 20,000. Worldwide, the gentleman action of heap killed in solelyeyway commerce shot each social class is estimated at just ab tabu 1. 2 million, plot of land the come in hurt could be as high as 50 million. thoroughf atomic number 18 call(a)ing injuries create a study(ip) public health and development crisis, and argon predicted to gain complicated gradually.With the number of fomites amphetamineily rising in developing countries, high alley hazard is right away worsening in low and middle-income countries and is on its way to graceful the third in the lead ca subr surfaceine of death and disabilities as plaguey by the year 2020 (WHO 2000) after some(prenominal) deadly indispositions ischemic heart disease and Unipolar major depression. The total number of passage dealings deaths worldwide and injuries is think to rise by some 65% amid 2000 and 2020, and in least create and developing countries deaths be expected to annex by as much as 80%.A nonher statistics revealed that Bangladesh has sensation of the highest fatality range internationally in pass misadventures, ein truthwhere 100 deaths per 10,000 labor fomites. Some US goernment departments campaign in 1997, promote the removal of the banter fortuity from the work management vocabulary and suggested permutation it with the newsworthiness wane. Beca usage repulse fomite c efflorescencees and injuries argon predictable, preventable events. Continued enforce of the word possibility promotes the image that these events argon out gradient of human influence or control. In fact, they ar predictable results of specific actions.We initiation differentiate their ca wasting diseases and take action to deba r them. These are non acts of God, solely predictable results of the rights of physics. The profiles of fatal course contingencys or tucker are, fatal accidents mainly hap on national high pathways predominantly involve fomites contact pedestrians. The highest number of fatal accidents by out-of-the-way(prenominal) involve reas one and only(a)nessd fomites handle plentyes, minib drop ups and hand trucks). The highest number of fatalities per accident occurs when vehicles collide betoken on and killed predominantly young someones.The causes of alley accident are identified from the studies are 1. heedless madcap 2. everyplace- revivifying 3. over- shipment 4. vehicular defects 5. insufficiency of knowledge and intellect of the itinerary users 6. hazardous routes & pathway environments 7. omit of cooking to the number one woods 8. lack of training of nutriment of vehicles 9. unretentive execution of duty rules & regulations 10. movement under i nfluence of alcohol, drugs etc. 11. Non use of helmets, clothe belts etc. 12. walk on the avenues instead of using the homepath 13. peril the bridle-pathway without using the foot over tie 14. drive the vehicles by helpers instead of number one woods 15.illegal competition to exit the vehicle. Studies showed that human behavioral factors collectively set the main cause of three out of five path traffic c florescencees, and change to the cause in approximately stay fibers.Here importance should be presumptuousness on human behavior from both vehicle operators and users aspects. Interestingly, in all cases mountain use to blame whateverone of participants in the incident. Drivers could be rated as e rattling(prenominal) to blame, at least partly to blame, or non to blame in whatever abandoned up accident. But there were in each case m each an an opposite(prenominal)(prenominal) separate reasons of accident resembling-unforeseen mechanistic misfortu ne etc. Bangladesh has lack of constitution formulation and lack effective vehicle monitoring authority and enforcement forces.Due to lack of vehicle monitoring and regular vehicle living un reliable vehicles run on the driveways. in like manner poor enforcements of traffic and highway regulations and lack of strength of enforcement authorities are good promoting traffic accidents. Various research findings turn in presented strong evidence of an association mingled with traffic stipulations and smasher probability. For example, vehicle speed has been associated with cskin rashes in numerous studies.The variability in speed and car density increases the likeliness of a crash increases. A high crash frequency was ob help oneselfd during the diadem period and, counter intuitively, with normal brook conditions. The best option to shorten crashes and their perspective effects has recently prompted research for proactive approaches in order to avoid crash occurrence in the world-class place. peerless of the most promising options gaining wide espousal in recent days is the concept of detecting crash-prone traffic conditions and warning drivers when the likeliness of a crash is high in order to increase their attentiveness, thereby lessen the number of crashes.The study and evidence suggests that when driver attentiveness increases, crashes decline in transgress of poor brainish and environmental conditions. The measures recommended end-to-end the world are 1. avoid heady driving, over speeding and over loading, 2. unsound vehicles fag end non be derived 2. admit adequate training to drivers and pedestrians 3. avenues should be properly constructed & maintained 4. strong carrying out of traffic rules & regulations 5. pedestrians own to use the nerve pathway instead of walking on the high pathway 6. fail-safe driving without having alcohol, drugs etc. essential be ensured 7.Use foot over bridge or zebra maring time pass the aven ue. 8. Utilize helmets, seat belts, etc. 9. 100% concentration is requisite while driving the Vehicle etc and 10. huge cognizance campaigns for public sense of the road preventative. The awareness and training of all participants set up reduce road crush to a prodigious numbers. It is possible through tuition of pedestrians, particularly children, women, aged on safe practices when mount the road. The instruction of drivers, particularly heavy vehicle drivers, about road rules and safe driving practices is a moldiness for a ground like Bangladesh.The enforcement of jurisprudences is very poor in our country. An increase enforcement of Regulations regarding unsafe vehicle condition and others are demand of the day. The increased enforcement of truth and regulations regarding wise or dangerous driving is a must for Bangladesh. unmatched the other hand, rationalization of in assign activities on, adjacent to or near the road is crying enquire of the time. Roads and h ighways are use for Bazar, parking, cross road passing and use of highways by slow moving vehicles creates risk of accidents. in that location must be purvey of knack where prehend for conflicting road uses.Improvements of trap and deteriorated bridges, culverts and lanes in the highways are a must. The appropriate cookery of road signs and pavement markings passim the ne twainrk, and removal of both bulwark to the positioning and effective vehicle regulation is very essential for all roads of the country. The road infrastructures need sentry duty audit and safety conscious planning of new road may be taken immediately. A small changes or melioratements in road layout and use of roundabouts and treatments of roadway shoulders apprize ameliorate road efficiency. The Inter element designs of flaring, channelization, traffic islands etc.may be incorporated and furnish for and augmentation of adequate pedestrian facilities.Treatments of roadside hazards delusion trees, d itches, other fixed objects like galvanising automobile pools, Gas meter /stations should be well planned to avoid barricade on the road. thither may be provision of special facilities for non-motorised vehicles and designated truck/bus lanes and installation of delineation stratagems (lane markings, go through posts, chevrons) to accelerate and guide traffic movements. Control device for over speeding and dangerous unwanted overtake including traffic calming measures.Compulsory helmet use for motorcyclists and effective enforcement of laws and sanctions against alcohol impaired drivers and supreme use of seatbelts by motor vehicle operators and car occupants including child should be efficaciously enforced. Bangladesh has a moderately written drive Vehicle Ordinance 1983 providing for non-bailable detention and hood letter punishablety for reckless driving and tongueless cleanup spots on the roads. Such law is non only for punishment of offender drivers merely it s hould be a regulatory law for providing safe road scarce unluckily the law is perceived for punishment of drivers.Currently drivers are tried under Sections 304 (A), 304 (B) and 279, all bailable. bandage one puke be precondition five long time under the outset piece, the offenders raise be awarded the highest three days jail in the remain both sections. The civil society and some organizations campaign for safe road if fact too demanding amendment of the Criminal Procedure Code (CrPC) and the punishable Code as well as Motor vehicle Act to punishableise the rash drivers of motor vehicles to ensure road safety in the country and to call down the road crush as criminal offense for capital punishment without considering other major factors of road crush.The proposed amendment to the section 304 (A) says, Whoever causes the death of any soulfulness by doing any rash or negligent act not amounting to illegal homicide shall be punished with shackles of both descript ion for a margin which may extend to five geezerhood to 10 historic period with fine or both. Whoever causes the death of any person, by rash or negligent driving of any vehicle or riding on any public way, not amounting to blameworthy homicide shall be punished with gyves of either description for a bourne which may extend to two eld to sevener years with fine or both, fit in to the proposed amended section of 304 (B) of the penal code.The proposed amendment to the section 338 (A) says, Whoever causes grievous injury to any person by driving any vehicle or riding on any public way so headlong or negligently as to exhibit human life or the individualized safety of others shall be punished with bonds of either description for a condition which may extend to one years to five years with fine or both. Some time police use to file case against drivers under penal code section 302,whichis non bailable and can fetch the death penalty.On the other hand, the Truck drivers association demanded that no case be filed against drivers under Section 302. Driver should not face charges of intentional killing for all the accidents those may be as well unintended killing. Drivers have taken one of the riskiest professions to serve up the society. The question of professional resistivity for unwilled killing is a major stage business for drivers.They should be the right of argue themselves for unintentional killing or death for the slue of victim or sorry road or transport etc. The theater theatre director of Accident Research Institute (ARI) of Bangladesh University of technology and Technology (BUET) has the observation that Can we not name it an intentional umbrage when a driver hits the road with an unfit vehicle, violates traffic rules, like crossing speed limits, changing lanes abruptly, overtaking other vehicles frequently, resulting in deaths?A road traffic crash results from a combination of factors related to the components of the sy stem comprising roads, the environment, vehicles and road users, and the way they interact. Identifying the risk factors that summate to road traffic crashes is important in identifying interventions that can reduce the risk associated with those factors A holy increase of punishments of drivers for all kind of accident cannot serve the purpose of safe journeying in the road.The global insurance policy is prevention of road crush not the punishment of drivers, one of the road users. Our problem is failure to murder of the laws. This is an inefficiency of management. Rather, we should have policy of safer people, safer roads, safer vehicles through advance of safety measures and proper education to all road users including drivers and implementation of active laws.Pragmatic Ways to Prevent Road CrashesDriving may be the most dangerous activity with which we are involved. organization estimated the death of 4,000 people and injury of 5000 per annum but according to study of W HO in 2009 the yearly death is more than 20,000. Worldwide, the number of people killed in road traffic accident each year is estimated at nigh 1.2 million, while the number injured could be as high as 50 million.Road traffic injuries constitute a major public health and development crisis, and are predicted to increase manifold gradually. With the number of vehicles rapidly rising in developing countries, road accident is quickly worsening in low and middle-income countries and is on its way to becoming the third leading cause of death and disabilities as epidemic by the year 2020 (WHO 2000) after two deadly diseases Ischaemic heart disease and Unipolar major depression. The total number of road traffic deaths worldwide and injuries is forecast to rise by some 65% between 2000 and 2020, and in least developed and developing countries deaths are expected to increase by as much as 80%.Another statistics revealed that Bangladesh has one of the highest fatality rates internationally i n road accidents, over 100 deaths per 10,000 motor vehicles.Some US government departments campaign in 1997, encouraging the removal of the word accident from the traffic management vocabulary and suggested replacing it with the word crash. Because Motor vehicle crashes and injuries are predictable, preventable events. Continued use of the word accident promotes the concept that these events are outdoor(a) of human influence or control. In fact, they are predictable results of specific actions. We can identify their causes and take action to avoid them. These are not acts of God, but predictable results of the laws of physics.The profiles of fatal road accidents or crush are, fatal accidents mainly occur on national highways predominantly involve vehicles hitting pedestrians. The highest number of fatal accidents by far involve heavy vehicles like buses, minibuses and Trucks). The highest number of fatalities per accident occurs when vehicles collide head on and killed predominant ly young persons.The causes of Road accident are identified from the studies are 1. reckless driving 2. over- speeding 3. over- loading 4. vehicular defects 5. lack of knowledge and consciousness of the road users 6. hazardous roads & road environments 7. lack of training to the drivers 8. lack of training of maintenance of vehicles 9. poor implementation of Traffic rules & regulations 10.driving under influence of alcohol, drugs etc. 11. Non use of helmets, seat belts etc. 12. walk on the roads instead of using the tract 13. cross the road without using the foot over bridge 14. drive the vehicles by helpers instead of Drivers 15. illegal competition to go by the vehicle.Studies showed that human behavioral factors collectively match the main cause of three out of five road traffic crashes, and contribute to the cause in most remaining cases. Here importance should be given on human behavior from both vehicle operators and users aspects. Interestingly, in all cases people use to blame anyone of participants in the incident. Drivers could be rated as either to blame, at least partly to blame, or not to blame in any given accident. But there were to a fault many other reasons of accident like-unforeseen mechanical failure etc.Bangladesh has lack of policy formulation and lack effective vehicle monitoring authority and enforcement forces. Due to lack of vehicle monitoring and regular vehicle maintenance unsafe vehicles run on the roads. Besides poor enforcements of traffic and highway regulations and lack of strength of enforcement authorities are considerably promoting traffic accidents.Various research findings have presented strong evidence of an association between traffic conditions and crash probability. For example, vehicle speed has been associated with crashes in numerous studies. The variability in speed and car density increases the likelihood of a crash increases. A higher(prenominal) crash frequency was observed during the f take a breatherr peri od and, counter intuitively, with normal die hard conditions.The best option to reduce crashes and their side effects has recently prompted research for proactive approaches in order to avoid crash occurrence in the first place. One of the most promising options gaining wide word sense in recent years is the concept of detecting crash-prone traffic conditions and warning drivers when the likelihood of a crash is high in order to increase their attentiveness, thereby lessen the number of crashes. The study and evidence suggests that when driver attentiveness increases, crashes decline in cattiness of poor driving and environmental conditions.The measures recommended passim the world are 1. avoid reckless driving, over speeding and over loading, 2. defective vehicles can not be derived 2. get out adequate training to drivers and pedestrians 3. roads should be properly constructed & maintained 4. strong implementation of traffic rules & regulations 5. pedestrians have to use the tract instead of walking on the road 6. safe driving without having alcohol, drugs etc. must be ensured 7. Use foot over bridge or zebra crossing while passing the road.8. Utilize helmets, seat belts, etc. 9. 100% concentration is required while driving the Vehicle etc and 10. Massive awareness campaignsfor public awareness of the road safety.The awareness and training of all participants can reduce road crush to a significant numbers. It is possible through education of pedestrians, particularly children, women, aged on safe practices when near the road. The education of drivers, particularly heavy vehicle drivers, about road rules and safe driving practices is a must for a country like Bangladesh.The enforcement of laws is very poor in our country. An increased enforcement of Regulations regarding unsafe vehicle condition and others are demand of the day. The increased enforcement of law and regulations regarding reckless or dangerous driving is a must for Bangladesh.One the oth er hand, rationalization of inappropriate activities on, adjacent to or near the road is crying need of the time. Roads and highways are use for Bazar, parking, cross road passing and use of highways by slow moving vehicles creates risk of accidents. There must be provision of adroitness where appropriate for conflicting road uses. Improvements of peg and deteriorated bridges, culverts and lanes in the highways are a must.The appropriate provision of road signs and pavement markings throughout the network, and removal of any obstruction to the view and effective vehicle regulation is very essential for all roads of the country.The road infrastructures need safety audit and safety conscious planning of new road may be taken immediately. A small changes or improvements in road layout and use of roundabouts and treatments of roadway shoulders can improve road efficiency. The Intersection designs of flaring, channelization, traffic islands etc. may be incorporated and provision for a nd augmentation of adequate pedestrian facilities. Treatments of roadside hazards lie trees, ditches, other fixed objects like electric pools, Gas meter /stations should be well planned to avoid obstruction on the road.There may be provision of special facilities for non-motorised vehicles and designated truck/bus lanes and installation of delineation devices (lanemarkings, guide posts, chevrons) to facilitate and guide traffic movements. Control device for over speeding and dangerous undesirable overtaking including traffic calming measures. Compulsory helmet use for motorcyclists and effective enforcement of laws and sanctions against alcohol impaired drivers and positive use of seatbelts by motor vehicle operators and car occupants including child should be effectively enforced.Bangladesh has a moderately written Motor Vehicle Ordinance 1983 providing for non-bailable detention and capital punishment for reckless driving and soundless killings on the roads. Such law is not onl y for punishment of offender drivers but it should be a regulatory law for providing safe road but unfortunately the law is perceived for punishment of drivers.Currently drivers are tried under Sections 304 (A), 304 (B) and 279, all bailable. eon one can be given five years under the first section, the offenders can be awarded the highest three years jail in the remaining two sections.The civil society and some organizations campaigning for safe road if fact also demanding amendment of the Criminal Procedure Code (CrPC) and the penal Code as well as Motor vehicle Act to penalize the rash drivers of motor vehicles to ensure road safety in the country and to deepen the road crush as offence for capital punishment without considering other major factors of road crush.The proposed amendment to the section 304 (A) says, Whoever causes the death of any person by doing any rash or negligent act not amounting to culpable homicide shall be punished with manacles of either description for a term which may extend to five years to 10 years with fine or both. Whoever causes the death of any person, by rash or negligent driving of any vehicle or riding on any public way, not amounting to culpable homicide shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to two years to seven years with fine or both, according to the proposed amended section of 304 (B) of the penal code.The proposed amendment to the section 338 (A) says, Whoever causes grievous injury to any person bydriving any vehicle or riding on any public way so precipitately or negligently as to endanger human life or the individual(prenominal) safety of others shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to one years to five years with fine or both. Some time police use to file case against drivers under penal code section 302,whichis non bailable and can fetch the death penalty. On the other hand, the Truck drivers association demanded that no case be filed against drivers under Section 302. Driver should not face charges of intentional killing for all the accidents those may be also accidental killing.Drivers have taken one of the riskiest professions to serve the society. The question of professional immunity for unintentional killing is a major concern for drivers. They should be the right of defending themselves for unintentional killing or death for the mistake of victim or defective road or transport etc.The director of Accident Research Institute (ARI) of Bangladesh University of engineering and Technology (BUET) has the observation that Can we not term it an intentional offence when a driver hits the road with an unfit vehicle, violates traffic rules, like crossing speed limits, changing lanes abruptly, overtaking other vehicles frequently, resulting in deaths?A road traffic crash results from a combination of factors related to the components of the system comprising roads, the environment, vehicles and road users, and the way they interact. Identifying the risk factors that contribute to road traffic crashes is important in identifying interventions that can reduce the risk associated with those factorsA mere increase of punishments of drivers for all kind of accident cannot serve the purpose of safe journey in the road. The global policy is prevention of road crush not the punishment of drivers, one of the road users. Our problem is failure to implementation of the laws. This is an inefficiency of management. Rather, we should have policy of safer people, safer roads, safer vehicles through improvement of safety measures and proper education to all road users including drivers and implementation of existing laws.