A Child Called It By Dave Pelzer Essay - 1573 Words

Introduction A Child Called â€Å"It† is a powerful book written by Dave Pelzer about his childhood and the hardships he encountered with his family, peers, and community. Middle childhood can be a life altering point in a young child’s life, which many theorist have studied over the years. This paper will review a few of those theorist thoughts, and how their theories apply to young David’s childhood. The theorist work that will be covered will be Bronfenbrenner and his ecological systems model, Piaget’s theory of development, and lastly Kohlberg’s theory of moral reasoning. It is important to understand what was going through David’s mind as he dealt with this trauma and how he was able to survive it. Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological System Model According to Feldman (2015) Urie Bronfenbrenner took more of a biological look at human development, using a system that gave five levels of environment which one is influenced by during the developmental period (The Biological Approach to Development, para 1). We will be looking at the mesosystem, exosystem, and macrosystem levels to see how David suffered or benefited because of these systems. As Feldman (2015) explains the mesosystem is where the connection between parent and child, or student and teacher influence each other and the relationship between the two people (The Biological Approach to Development, para 3). David encountered many situation where this system may have hurt and helped him. One example would be when he had aShow MoreRelatedA Child Called It By Dave Pelzer970 Words   |  4 PagesDave Pelzer’s book, â€Å"A Child Called It† (1995), chronicled the unforgettable accounts of one of the most severe c hild abuse cases in California’s history. The book is an intriguing, yet intimidating journey through the torturing childhood of the author, himself. The child, Dave Pelzer ¸ was emotionally and physically tormented by his unstable mother. He was the victim of abuse in his own home, a source of ridicule at his own school, and stripped of all existence. This book left me in suspense as IRead MoreDave Pelzer - a Child Called It2120 Words   |  9 PagesThere is much to admire about Dave Pelzer. He proudly served his country during Desert Storm, and has received commendations from Presidents Reagan, Bush the First, and Clinton for his work as a motivational speaker. His other honors include being named Californias Volunteer of the Year in 1990, one of 1993s Ten Outstanding Young Americans, and one of the Outstanding Young Persons of the World for 1994. In addition, he is a best-selling author and a loving husband and father. Thats a lofty setRead MoreA Child Called It By Dave Pelzer Essay1279 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction The novel A Child Called â€Å"It† by Dave Pelzer is about his abusive childhood at the hands of his own mother. Pelzer recounts his horrible childhood through his own point of view. He goes through how his once nurturing mother changed into a vicious tormentor and how he became a â€Å"prisoner of war† within his own home. David is exiled from his own family and dehumanized by his mother to the point that she refers to him as â€Å"It† rather than her son. However, his astounding will to not letRead MoreA Child Called It . Dave Pelzer Is the Survivor1608 Words   |  7 PagesA Child Called It. Dave Pelzer is the survivor of the third worst case of child abuse in California s history. Dave grew up with his two brothers and two parents. Catherine, Dave s mother, loved to cook exotic meals for her family and decorate their home in creative and imaginative ways each holiday season. She was full of energy, often taking her kids on tours of downtown San Francisco while her husband was at work as a fire fighter, exposing them to Golden Gate Park and Chinatown. Once,Read MoreA Child Called It By Dave Pelzer2639 Words   |  11 PagesIn the novel A Child Called It, the author Dave Pelzer discussed his courage to survive while growing up in his household. The family was living the perfect traditional western family life. During the early years, the family does things together and the mother was always happy to prepare special meals, outings, and surprises for her family. When the father was working, the mother would take Dave and his brothers on special outings. The family would g o on vacations which were fun and memorable forRead MoreA Child Called It By Dave Pelzer1950 Words   |  8 PagesThe Book A Child Called â€Å"It† written by Dave Pelzer who survived one of the most severe child abuse cases in history. He wrote about his life from the beginning when family life was good, and throughout the abusive years, until he was finally rescued. Before kindergarten Dave remembers his life being happy. He stated in the book that, â€Å"My family was the Brady Bunch of the 1960s. My two brothers and I were blessed with the perfect parents. Our every whim was fulfilled with love and care. ButRead MoreA Child Called It By Dave Pelzer1845 Words   |  8 Pagesdescribed within the book A Child Called â€Å"It† written by Dave Pelzer. Although there is an overabundance of examples of abuse, neglect and maltreatment given in this book, the support listed is narrowed down to give the best samples of why a reader may feel these specific situations occ urred. Each segment will be discussed and explained fully so that the reader is able to grasp why each specific reference was selected. III. Family Experiences In the beginning of the text Dave speaks about his mom, heRead More A Child Called It by Dave Pelzer Essay699 Words   |  3 Pages The book I read is called A Child Called It. It is written by Dave Pelzer. The theme of this book is to keep hope alive. You should have faith and dreams to have something to look forward to in your future especially when you feel you can’t go on any more. Like Dave, he felt trapped as if he was never going to be free. He used his dreams and illusions every time he was hurting to help him get away from the pain. This is what kept this little boy alive. He had something to reach for and neverRead MoreAnalysis Of A Child Called It By Dave Pelzer1112 Words   |  5 PagesThe Strength to Survive After reading the book, â€Å"A Child Called It† by Dave Pelzer, I will say this a melancholic book that depicts the true child abuse that Pelzer suffered in the hands of his mother. This book describes his horrifying experiences in child abuse and I would greatly recommend reading it. The book is fabulous and once you start reading it you will not want to put it down. Pelzer touches on the cruel abused faced by his mother and his deep willingness to survive and try to get aheadRead MoreIntroduction Of A Child Called It By Dave Pelzer2091 Words   |  9 PagesMrs. Wallace English 12-5 24 March 2015 Introduction When I was in middle school, we read A Child Called â€Å"It† by Dave Pelzer in my English class. I remember crying and wondering â€Å"How could someone you love and who is supposed to love you hurt you so bad?† I also remember thinking that there was no way this was really a serious issue. I didn’t think it really happened all that much, especially if the child never did anything wrong. I quickly realized this wasn’t the case. I had never been so shocked

Abortion The United States - 1704 Words

Rebecca Mejia Molly Gum Senior English 24 March, 2017 Research Paper : Abortion During the 7th century, the Catholic Church premeditated that the act of oral sex was a far more worse sin than getting an abortion. Roe V. Wade was the 1973 US Supreme court case that made abortion legal in the United States. Abortion should be the woman’s choice. The US supreme court has declared abortion to be a fundamental right that is guaranteed by the US Constitution. Reproductive rights also give women a sense of empowerment, as they are in control of their bodies. Concluding with these, death and injury rates to women have decreased a significant amount as now abortions are easier to obtain and the procedures are far more safer. During the†¦show more content†¦The â€Å"rape† incident failed, as there was no police documentation made by McCorvey beforehand. The following year of 1970, Roe V. Wade had came to see an appeal because of the U.S. Supreme court. In the case of Griswold V. Connecticut, the Supreme court ruled out the right of privacy to couples (married, specifically). And it restricted that of trying to prohibit married couples from using any forms of birth control. This has had a major impact on Roe V. Wade because it is all about terminating pregnancies, and although forms of birth control are not always guaranteed, they do help limit those pregnancies from happening initially. The issue of abortion has always been very controversial. Most women conflict with their morals, when considering an abortion and in the fear of judgment (especially before Roe V. Wade) they would go about it illegally. The infamous coat hanger was a symbol of abortions prior to the ruling of Roe V. Wade. Women would un wrap a metal coat hanger and place it in their cervix in hopes of stabbing the fetus and thus performing their own abortions, however getting it back out was even more dangerous and they would end up causing internal bleeding from stabbing their own organs or other medical issues. For the better, since this those who have passed due to abortion-related situations have significantly decreasedShow MoreRelatedThe Issue Of Abortion On The United States Essay1280 Words   |  6 Pagespaper is the issue of Abortion, My thesis in this paper is to analyze the history of abortion in the United States prior to the Roe vs. Wade decision and afterwards, and to demonstrate the ways in which our two major political parties’ views on this issue have shifted over time along with the public’s view on the issue. Abortion has been practiced for most of human history. The ancient Greeks and Romans practiced it, although not all ancient thinkers had the same views on abortion. Ancient Greek â€Å"fatherRead MoreAbortion Should Go Back to Being Illegal in the United States1239 Words   |  5 Pagesthan 30 years, the United States has been separated over the issue of abortion. Abortion is the deliberate killing of the most innocent nature among us, babies whom are not yet born. In 1973, abortion was legalized in the United States via the famous court case of Roe vs Wade. Roe was a single and pregnant woman who was fighting the state of Texas where the law stated she was not allowed to get an abortion. Roe won the case and abortion was legalized. Even though millions of abortions have been performedRead MoreAbortion in the United States1518 Words   |  7 PagesAbortion in the United States The United States Government should illegalize abortion for many different reasons including, a potential life has ended before given a chance remains evidence enough for most people to understand why a person should never have a choice of whether a baby lives or dies. Studies also show that mothers who choose abortion have a higher health risk rate after the abortion and also have more psychological problems after the abortion as well. Not only is it proven thatRead MoreThe Abortion Of The United States1031 Words   |  5 PagesFacing Abortion in the United States Abortion is a common debated topic in the United States. It is becoming commonplace in our society. Terminating an unwanted pregnancy is a difficult choice that many women have faced throughout the years. Through out this paper, reasons for abortion, women, underage girls, parental laws, emotions, and the procedures of terminating a pregnancy will be discussed. While there is still more research being done, it is said that abortion can have both negative andRead MoreAbortion And The United States1266 Words   |  6 PagesIn the United States the abortion has become a big deal in American political landscape. Also is very sadly because is consider it moral issues rather than personal rights or civil liberties. This issue has much both sides of political fence but many do not consider it. But me myself I opposed to abortion, especially abortion on demand and welcome the government’s protection of the unborn. Also other issues are involved in abortion debate, but this issue of personal is freedom already mentionedRead MoreAbortion And The United States1704 Words   |  7 Pages1973, abortion has been considered â€Å"legal† in the United States. But, just because abortion is legal, does that automatically justify it as moral? The Bible never clearly states â€Å"though shall not abort your children.† On the other hand, Exodus 20:13, states â€Å"though shall not murder.† Not only does Exodus speak of prohibiting murder, Genesis 9:3, states that â€Å"whoever sheds man’s blood, by man his blood shall be shed, for in the image of God He made man.† According to AbortionFacts.com, abortion becameRead MoreAbortion in the United States3416 Words   |  14 Pages The issue of abortion is notoriously controversial. Since the Supreme Court’s 1992 ruling in Casey v. Planned Parenthood, states have enacted different restrictions on the procedure. These restrictions vary from state to state. Nineteen states currently have laws prohibiting partial-birth abortion, and forty-one states strictly prohibit abortions except in cases of life-endangerment. One particularly incendiary area of abortion law is that of public funding. However, as of this year thereRead MoreAbortion And Its Effects On The United States Essay1648 Words   |  7 PagesIn the United States â€Å"1.7% of women aged 15–44 have an abortion† (â€Å"Induced Abortion in the United States†). Twenty-one percent of all pregnancies end in abortion (â€Å"Induced Abortion in the United States†). Women most commonly have abortions before the end of her first trimester, twelve weeks into the pregnancy, however, abortions may also be performed after the first trimester. Abortions are quite common, but they also lead to numerous issues for the parents such as regret, depression, drug abuseRead MoreThe Issue Of Abortion On The United States1606 Words   |  7 Pagespregnancies among American woman are unintended, and about seven out of ten of these 500,000 unintended pregnancies are terminated by abortion each year in America. In today’s modern American culture, many consider an unborn fetus a non-life form; however, an unborn fetus possesses many, if not all, characteristics of life. The issue of abortion in the United States has been one that has courted controversy and created a public, ethical, and moral division in our American society and culture. DifferentRead MoreAbortion in the United States Essay1748 Words   |  7 PagesWhat is abortion? According to the Oxford English Dictionary, â€Å"Abortion: the premature expulsion of a [foetus] from the womb; an operation to cause this.† Abortion has been a controversial topic for many years. Some people favor adoption and some are against it. â€Å"In 2008 an estimated 1.21 million abortions were performed in the Unites States.†(Jones, and Kooistra). Many opinions collaborate in abortions rights or abortion legislation. â€Å"In 2008, 84,610 women obtained abortions in Texas, producing

Analysis of Contemporary Nursing Practice â€Sample Assignment

Question: Discuss the impact of 1 key theory / Philosophical idea / world event on the development and establishment of this idea ( or practice) within the nursing profession? Answer: In this paper infection control is an issue selected from a nursing care context. The practice or profession of offering care for the infirm and sick individuals is known as nursing. Nursing practice involves promotion, optimization and protection of individual abilities and health, injury and illness prevention, improvement of suffering through diagnosis and management of support and human response in care of populations, communities, families and individuals (Bain Weese, 2004). Nursing care focuses very much on patients safety. In terms of safety, infection control is of utmost important. A healthy work surrounding is one, which is safe, satisfying and empowering. It is not simply the absence of perceived and real health threats, but a situation of mental, physical and societal well being, stated by the World Health Organization. A safety culture is paramount, where all the health care personnel, managers and leaders and nursing aides have accountability as part of client centered team to work with a professionalism sense, responsibility, involvement, transparency, effectiveness and efficacy (Howard, 2012). All the health care personnel need to be careful about safety and health for both health care professional as well as the care consumer in any care set up, offering a safety sense, healthcare, empowerment and respect to each and every individual. One key nursing theory that can be discussed here for the development and establishment of this issue is evidence based nursing practice. Evidence based nursing practice consists remarkable control on existing and upcoming expert nursing practice (Mabbott, 2011). Consequently, evidence based nursing making it a vital element of nursing educational process. Evidence based nursing is considered as critical factor to nursing occupation and also considered as important component for maintaining developments, which sustain most favorable nursing care (Green, 2006). Nursing professionals utilize research to provide evidence based care that promotes important health associated outcomes for families, communities, healthcare set ups and individuals (Oermann, 2011). The care personnel utilize research to structure health guidelines within an organization at federal, local and state levels. Care personnel carry out research; apply research studies in practice and educate about research. Nursing skill is a strong requirement to structuring clinical expertise (Falzer Garman, 2012). Education to create well structured scientific decisions is reliant on experiential learning where individual can disconfirm, challenge and refine various expectations. Improvement is required for setting up trustworthiness important in clinical leadership provision. Nursing research has also established association with advanced nursing practice with the experiences of the nurses (Polit Beck, 2008). To make the care personnel efficient in negotiating and initiating improvements, they should be positioned in managerial circumstances, which provide them authority and power to have an effect on change. The strength and the basis of advanced practice related to nursing responsibility lies in clinical expertise. Researchers and educators should be placed in view of the clinical practice primacy. The elements of evidence based nursing practice include clinical expertise, patient preferences and morals and finest research evidences (Twycross, 2011). It is apparent that health care professionals are interested to execute efficient nursing researches for the care of the patients, but these are not that fruitful. Evidence based practices encompass different types of evidences, for example: reviews, research findings, integration of research evidences and theories for the betterment of the patients health (Williamson, Jenkinson Proctor-Childs, 2008). Presently, this practice has been put in health care set up to improve an important and vibrant strength within disciplinary life of the healthcare personnel. Nurses are sometimes failed to understand the prospective for applying research conclusions as the source for making decisions and flourishing nursing interventions (Fawcett Fawcett, 2005). Hence, researchers and discussions are still in place to overcome execution barriers of proof based nursing performances. History and evolution Prior to the advancement of the concept of infection control, the single situations which brought the clients near death necessitated the possibility of surgical involvement. If a client survived a surgical procedure, infection was expected and subsequently death by devastating sepsis was very common (Goldstein, 2011). During the late 19th century along with the Germ theory development by the scientist Louis Pasteur and the subsequent applications of this theory to surgical sterility by the scientist Joseph Lister, doctors were capable of performing operations with consequently lesser infection risk (Kurzen, 2005). In turn the surgeons became more self-assured and started to investigate more profligate processes comprising elective surgeries within cranial vault. In the 20th century as the scientific acquaintance expanded, advancement of infection control along with the application of antibiotic drugs, microbial barriers and instrument sterilization have also been improved. Advancements in hemostasis, anesthesia, and infection control and localization techniques have reduced the chances related with surgeries in the late 19th century (Martin Thompson, 2000). Yet after the improvement of tumor localization, doctors approached sanctuary of mind with fear of deadly problems. Infection was considered as the main contributor to mortality and morbidity rates, taking place after almost all the surgeries and taking away the lives of approximately half of all the surgical patients (Winchcombe, 2000). Subsequently, the surgeries were attempted only as the last option. The execution of Germ theory to healing wounds altered the surgical practice and set the arena for the improvement of brain tumor operation. It is believed that historically Hippocrates may have been the first person to suggest suppuration idea, declaring that the pus formation was not any natural component during the healing process and this need to be avoided (Newsom, 2004). His advice for treating wounds was parallel to Sumerians, who believed cleansing wounds with wine, applying bandage and then drenched the bandage with wine. The initiation and infection transmissibility were proved indefinable to science prior the 19th century. The scientist Hieronymus Fracastorius postulated that the source of infectious diseases was from living seeds that are invisible (Wright, 2014). He has given the three disease spreading modes: direct contact, indirect contact and airborne transmission. Ambroise Pare is considered as the father of contemporary surgery. According to him, infection was initiated from the surroundings and subsequently the concept of the importance of sterile environment in disease transmission prevention has also been evolved. Prior, surgeries were performed with very little consideration of a germ-free environment. Doctors were not that conscious about hand sterilization and patients wounds were touched directly by the surgeons (Bergstrom, 2008). Often, viewers were permitted to take a note from the patients conditions for educational reasons. The medical and surgical instruments were not sterilized and wiped perfectly, kept back to the velvet carriers and used again (Staniszewska, Thomas Seers, 2013). Sometimes it also happened that the sharp edge instruments poked into the surgeons boot. The surgical wards floor was kept untidy with pus, urine, blood or other biological waste materials, which is the most important reason of spreading infection within the hospitals. Subsequently, infection became the main reason for death, with almost 80% of surgeries infected by hospital gangrene and almost about 50% death rate (Cdc.gov, 2015). All unnecessary furniture was shifted from patients room and the carpets were changed. The room ceilings and walls were cleaned prior to the surgical procedure and remaining furnishings were scrubbed with carbolic solution. The solution used to spray prior to the surgical procedure but not during the operation. During the surgery day, patients head was scrubbed, shaved with water and soap and ether and then covered with sublimate dressing during operation, and then ether washings were repeated (Rezaei-Adaryani, Salsali Mohammadi, 2012). The operational instruments were boiled in water for almost 2hours and sponges were cleaned with carbolic solutions prior usage. The doctors hands were washed and disinfected by water and soap, sublimate solutions and alcohol (Zyblock, 2010). Thus, slowly heat sterilization process got introduced, that proved finer than chemical sterilization. Subsequently, sterile caps, gowns and surgical masks ere also introduced. The concept of rubber gloves has a lso been introduced to protect the hands of the nurses from sublimate solutions. Slowly the concept has become universally accepted. Therefore, it can be said that in contemporary nursing practice the theory of evidence based nursing is very much crucial and strongly correlated with the issues of infection control. Literature review Currently, infection control is considered as the discipline associated with preventing healthcare related infections or nosocomial infection (Kaye, 2011). This is a practical sub-discipline of community health (Ruef, 2000). Though it is a vital portion but often left unrecognized within the infrastructure of healthcare set up. Infection control deals with factors associated with transmission of infections within healthcare set up (Breathnach, 2013). The spread could be from patients to staff or from patient to patient or from the nursing staff to patient. Therefore, to concentrate on this sever matter evidence based nursing practice is very much important. Health care professionals can learn better from experience. Previous literature searches have support the concept of infection control within clinical set up. Various researchers have focused on the mechanism of disease transmission, intensity of the transmission, causative agents and prevention of infections. Scientist Shojania et al. (2001) have critically analyzed patient safety practices to make the healthcare safer (Shojania, Duncan, McDonald, Wachter Markowitz, 2001). Their aim was to gather and critically review the already existing evidences o nursing practices pertinent to developing the safety of the patients. The practices associated with patient safety have been associated with those which diminish the possibility of adverse incidents associated with exposure to medical treatment across diverse conditions. They have performed literature review in order to set their research criteria. Their research was focused on hospitalized patients. They have reviewed literature from MEDLINE, INSPEC, ABI/INFORM databases. They have concluded that a proof based approach can assist indentify the practices which are about to develop patient safety. Such performances target a varied collection of safety issues. Therefore, from this review it can be obviously said that with the help of evidence based practices, the healthcare personnel have collected information regarding infection control within the health care set up. The healthcare professionals are participating in different disciplines of nursing practices and they become familiar with different knowledge that is completely from their personal experiences. This also helps them to update their current knowledge in contemporary nursing practice. Bookish knowledge never provides sufficient information which personnel can acquire from his/her professional experience. There is no initiation or end point where personnel can identify the entry or elimination of infection. Hence, they need to be careful enough in each and every step of patient care delivery in order to promote patient safety and avoid infection transmission within the healthcare set up. Infection transmission not only affects the health of the patients but it is also considered as a financial burden on healthcare organizations. Scientist Riley et al. (2015) have mentioned that contamination control is a main concern for the hospitals to diminish the health care associated infection transmissions (Riley, Laird Williams, 2015). Uniforms are especially the possible path of health care associated infection transmission. Protocols are present to make sure that the hospital laundry facilities meet set standards, nevertheless, uniforms are laundered by care personnel at residences and discrepancies in practice take place. The researchers have applied survey questionnaire to carry out service evaluation in four different hospitals to evaluate how strongly health care personnel followed the guidelines set by the hospitals on laundering and aftercare of hospital uniforms at residences. The survey answers have demonstrated that not all the staff acted in accordance with the hospital guidelines and almost 44% of staffs rinsed their uniforms much below the set temperature (60c) that presents potential way for infection and cross contamination. It is a serious matter of concern that the bacteria are becoming resistant to different antibiotics. This presents more complication in the context of infection control. This can be illustrated with an example. Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is resistant to different antibiotics and most infections are related with skin (Cdc.gov, 2015). In medical services, MRSA causes deadly blood stream infections, surgical site infections and pneumonia. Scientist Lau et al. (2014) have illustrated on risk aspects of infections associated with surgical site (Lau, Neo Lee, 2014). Their research aimed to demonstrate the risk aspects in aged patients who had his surgery after a fracture. Their results have shown that patients who stayed in the hospital for more than a week had statistically significant higher surgical site infection rate. The presence of infection was related with increased period of hospital stay. They have mentioned that the two most important microbes detected were Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus, responsible for almost 26.3% and 50.9% of surgical site infection, respectively. Scientist Landelle et al. (2014) have assessed the function of disease control measures in diminishing the load of resistance in intensive care units, eliminating antibiotic stewardship plans. Justification The knowledge depend on the consequence of improved hand hygiene acquiescence in diminishing the load of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus in intensive care units has been developed. They have funded that universal decolonization with chlorhexidine washing was related with noticeable decrease in multi-drug resistant organism pervasiveness, but attention for chlorhexidine resistance is needed (Gayet-Ageron et al., 2015). An important decrease of resistance for gram negative bacilli has also been illustrated with the application of selective decontamination. But the researchers have also encouraged for further research in order to establish the long term benefits or risk ratios. They have concluded that different infection control measures have the capacity to reduce the load of antimicrobial resistance (Young, Lye, Krishnan, Chan Leo, 2014). Significant progress, for example: decolonization has been made, recognizing involvements effectual in avoiding multi-drug resistance organisms transmissions in intensive care units. Nevertheless, they have failed to exactly determine the relative significance of various infection control measures. Hence, any approach should eventually be adapted to the confined epidemiology f targeted intensive care unit. Evidence based practices are not implemented always in patient care service and dissimilarity in nursing practices proliferate. Conventionally, research on patient safety has concentrated on the analysis of data to recognize the safety issues associated with clients and to identify that an innovative practice will guide to modified patient safety and quality. Much less attention in research has been given to the ways to integrate practices. Yet, implementing those in practices what is learnt from nursing research is very much helpful. Integration of these safety practices are complicated indeed, and require strategies which deal with complicatedness of care systems, senior leadership, individual practitioners and ultimately altering cultures related to health care to create evidence based safety practice set up. In conclusion, it is justified to mention that this article provides the readers with an opportunity to think of infection control; inquire into the past of this issue with the help of literature review and how the concept of evidence based nursing practice can be correlated with infection control issue. This assignment will also help the readers to become familiar with literature and develop a plan, implement searches and create a precise literature review to support the explanations. References Bain, F., Weese, J. (2004).Infection control. Philadelphia: Saunders. Bergstrom, N. (2008). The gap between discovery and practice implementation in evidence-based practice.International Journal Of Evidence-Based Healthcare,6(2), 135-136. doi:10.1097/01258363-200806000-00001 Breathnach, A. (2013). Nosocomial infections andinfection control.Medicine,41(11), 649-653. doi:10.1016/j.mpmed.2013.08.010 Cdc.gov,. (2015).Data and Statistics | HAI | CDC. Retrieved 22 February 2015, from https://www.cdc.gov/HAI/surveillance/ Cdc.gov,. (2015).Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) Infections | CDC. Retrieved 22 February 2015, from https://www.cdc.gov/mrsa/ Falzer, P., Garman, D. (2012). Evidence-Based Decision-Making as a Practice-Based Learning Skill: A Pilot Study.Academic Psychiatry,36(2). doi:10.1176/appi.ap.10050082 Fawcett, J., Fawcett, J. (2005).Contemporary nursing knowledge. Philadelphia: F.A. Davis Co. Gayet-Ageron, A., Iten, A., van Delden, C., Farquet, N., Masouridi-Levrat, S., Von Dach, E. et al. (2015). In-Hospital Transfer Is a Risk Factor for Invasive Filamentous Fungal Infection among Hospitalized Patients with Hematological Malignancies: A Matched Case-Control Study.Infection Control Hospital Epidemiology,36(03), 320-328. doi:10.1017/ice.2014.69 Goldstein, N. (2011).Germ theory. New York: Chelsea House. Green, M. (2006). Evaluating evidence-based practice performance.Evidence-Based Medicine,11(4), 99-101. doi:10.1136/ebm.11.4.99 Howard, T. (2012). Increasing Nurses' Hand Hygiene Adherence in Acute Care Settings.American Journal Of Infection Control,40(5), e152. doi:10.1016/j.ajic.2012.04.271 Kaye, K. (2011).Infection prevention and control in the hospital. Philadelphia: Saunders. Kurzen, C. (2005).Contemporary practical/vocational nursing. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams Wilkins. Lau, A., Neo, G., Lee, H. (2014). Risk factors of surgical site infections in hip hemiarthroplasty: a single-institution experience over nine years.Singapore Medical Journal,55(10), 535-538. doi:10.11622/smedj.2014137 Mabbott, I. (2011). Nursing Evidence-Based Practice SkillsNursing Evidence-Based Practice Skills.Nursing Standard,25(33), 30-30. doi:10.7748/ns2011.04.25.33.30.b1194 Martin, C., Thompson, D. (2000).Design and analysis of clinical nursing research studies. London: Routledge. Newsom, B. (2004). Disease And History (2nd Edition) Frederick Cartright, Michael Biddiss.British Journal Of Infection Control,5(6), 34-34. doi:10.1177/14690446040050060801 Oermann, M. (2011). Toward Evidence-Based Nursing Education: Deliberate Practice and Motor Skill Learning.Journal Of Nursing Education,50(2), 63-64. doi:10.3928/01484834-20110120-01 Polit, D., Beck, C. (2008).Nursing research. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/lippincott Williams Wilkins. Rezaei-Adaryani, M., Salsali, M., Mohammadi, E. (2012). Nursing image: an evolutionary concept analysis.Contemporary Nurse, 2725-2756. doi:10.5172/conu.2012.2725 Riley, K., Laird, K., Williams, J. (2015). Washing uniforms at home: adherence to hospital policy.Nursing Standard,29(25), 37-43. doi:10.7748/ns.29.25.37.e9268 Ruef, C. (2000). Nosocomial Infections - Multiple Fields of Activity.Infection,28(6), 339-340. doi:10.1007/s150100070001 Shojania, K., Duncan, B., McDonald, K., Wachter, R., Markowitz, A. (2001). Making health care safer: a critical analysis of patient safety practices.Evid Rep Technol Assess,43(i-x), 1-668. Staniszewska, S., Thomas, V., Seers, K. (2013). Patient and public involvement in the implementation of evidence into practice.Evidence-Based Nursing,16(4), 97-97. doi:10.1136/eb-2013-101510 Twycross, A. (2011). Using research findings in nursing practice.Evidence-Based Nursing,14(3), 63-63. doi:10.1136/ebn1170 Williamson, G., Jenkinson, T., Proctor-Childs, T. (2008).Nursing in contemporary healthcare practice. Exeter [England]: Learning Matters. Winchcombe, J. (2000). Competency standards in the context of infection control.American Journal Of Infection Control,28(3), 228-232. doi:10.1067/mic.2000.101630 Wright, D. (2014). Infection control throughout history.The Lancet Infectious Diseases,14(4), 280. doi:10.1016/s1473-3099(14)70726-1 Young, B., Lye, D., Krishnan, P., Chan, S., Leo, Y. (2014). A prospective observational study of the prevalence and risk factors for colonization by antibiotic resistant bacteria in patients at admission to hospital in Singapore.BMC Infect Dis,14(1), 298. doi:10.1186/1471-2334-14-298 Zyblock, D. (2010). Nursing Presence in Contemporary Nursing Practice.Nursing Forum,45(2), 120-124. doi:10.1111/j.1744-6198.2010.00173.x

The Relation Between Dropout Rates and School-Level Academic Achievement free essay sample

Dropout is a student who leaves a specific level of education system without achieving the first qualification. A number of dropout students are increasing high school dropouts has risen, reaching 4.8 million or an 11 percent increase since 2012, according to a senior administration lawmaker. (QC. Rep. Alfred Vargas. 2017). Vargas’ House Bill 1825 cited DepEd statistics showing the â€Å"rising dropout rate† among high school students. School dropouts have a serious negative impact on the societies. Early dropout from the education system leading to low qualification and most often to unemployment and other social problems is the cause of an increasing education divide in many countries. Often this divides further distances various social, cultural or ethnic groups within a society. Children who are from poor families, live in rural areas, or are from ethnic and linguistic minorities are less likely to attend school. Girls’ education is strongly associated with the better welfare of the individual, family, and society level. We will write a custom essay sample on The Relation Between Dropout Rates and School-Level Academic Achievement or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Educated mothers are more likely to send their children to school, thus breaking the cycle of poverty. The quality of learning is and must beat the heart of Education for All. Many young people make decisions in their early years that can affect not only their personal welfare but also their societies as a whole. Some students fail to complete school and may become marginalized, unemployed, or otherwise underprivileged instead of becoming productive members of society. High school dropouts are both an individual (and family) problem as well as a national one. It is individual problem because most (not all) do make considerably less money than graduates. It is a national problem not so much because of lost tax revenue but because we have had a tremendous waste of human resources. Why do students drop out of high school? Their reasons are many. Some are personal, such as pregnancy or the need to help support their families.The dreams of these young dropouts are said to be postponed because more and more jobs today require a high level of skill and education. By dropping out of high school, teens are â€Å"locking themselves out of mainstream society and are barred from good- paying jobs†. In addition, dropouts comprise half of all heads of households on welfare and more than half of all people in jail. But teens will continue to drop out of school unless ways can be found to help them realize that education is the key to achieving a successful life. Working together, teens and educators can explore who drops out and why and then look for ways to help all young people stay in school and receive the education they need. This view was reaffirmed in the study by Hunt, (2008) who also found that dropping out is often a process rather than the result of one single event, and therefore has more than one proximate cause.