Dress for Succes

When I think of the phrase â€Å"Dress for Success! † I think of a person getting ready or preparing for a big job interview. Like when person goes to a job interview wearing a muscle shirt and shorts for a job that requires you to cook food. Or when a person wears super fancy clothes to an interview that requires you to clean bathrooms. â€Å"Dressing for success† is like a guide telling you what you might need to wear to make a good impression. Dress for success means to dress for the occasion. You want to dress for the occasion because you don’t want be out-of-order. An example of this is going to church in pajamas. That is an example of dressing out-of-order. Schools are even making their dress codes better. They don’t want the kids to dress themselves in tank tops and super short shorts. Some girls do that just to fit in. Those girls are dumb. Dressing for success doesn’t only apply to job interviews, but for many other things. If you’re running for long distances, you don’t want your everyday clothes to slow you down. How coul you fix this simple problem? You could get the appropriate clothes for running and it would help you by taking off unneeded weight and make you not get tired as quickly. When you are applying for a job interview, you should look nice. If you want to get a job at a bank, you should wear nice pants and a nice shirt, or a dress. If you are applying for a job at Hot Topic you could probably wear a T shirt from your favorite band and skinny jeans. Avoid too many body piercings though. When you go to a job interview or someones funeral you have to dress with respect. And nice. You don’t want your butt or boobs hanging out. You want people to think your decent and well-behaved. Another example is when you wear a tank top and some booty shorts to school. That’s not a good thing to wear. You got to wear non-distracting clothes. When you come to school you don’t really have to dress for success but you don’t want to come looking a hot mess. Come looking decent. I think dressing for success is important because people will make assumptions about you. If you’re in Wal-Mart and you’re wearing old pajamas with holes in them in all the wrong places, people will think you’re weird. If you’re at a school dance, casual, and you wear a wedding dress, people will think you’re lame and weird. If you go to prom wearing a dressing robe, people will NOT dance with you. When I think of dress for success I think of†¦ Say you wanna go to Adventure. Your friends are dressed in booty shorts and tank tops but there are hundreds of people they’re looking at you, is that really how you wanna dress? People don’t want to see girls in booty shorts walking around at the age of 11 or 12. I think people should dress a certain way. One reason is if you own a fortune 500 company and you wear flip-flops and a tank top. The workers won’t take you seriously.

Goan Literature and Translation! Essay

Goa has been reflected in many ways. It is sometimes reflected through people, through its culture and sometimes through literature. Goan reflection is nothing but the projection of Goa as a land, Goa’s socio-economic life and contemporary Goan expressions. According to Prof. Peter Nazareth â€Å"Goans have written in thirteen languages. Goans meditate between cultures, Goans live between different cultures, Goans are travelers from one part to another†¦. We can understand different cultures and help people from different cultures understand one another. But the disadvantage is that if we don’t work on it, we may end up not knowing who we are. † Today Goa is portrayed as something different than what it is in reality. And not just the media is to be blamed but also the Goans are to be blamed who allowed themselves to be portrayed in a negative manner. Goan literature is one of the important tools which reflect Goa in its true sense. But the problem with Goan literature was that most of the literature was written in local languages like Konkani and Marathi and only a few people could read and understand what Goa actually is and what are the issues related to this land. The solution to tackle this problem is nothing else but translation. 1. 2. Translation: Bridging Gaps The dictionary meaning of the word â€Å"translation† is â€Å"to express in another language or other words†. It’s also the transference and substitution from one to another language. Translation according to Dr. Johnson involves the process of change into another language, retaining the sense which is the basic objective. The main process is to search for the right words. A translation is both imitation as well as a faithful creation as well as free, i.e. why a translated literary work is viewed not as an exact replica of the original but a version of it. Translation is not only a linguistic activity but also a cultural one because it involves a study of culture. The western translators in the past considered translations as subsidiary and derogative and they believed that translation did not have much dignity. But the Indians believed that translation is a valuable activity. And thus high amount of work has been done in India in the field of translation. Many works from Kannada, Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam, Marathi, and Hindi have been translated into English. A few important translations from regional languages to English are Gora By Rabindranath Tagore originally written in Bengali and then translated in English by many translators, â€Å"Samskara† by U. R. Anathamurthy originally written in Kannada and then translated into English by A. K. Ramanujan, â€Å"Tamas† by Bhism Sahani originally written in Hindi but then the author himself translated the work into English. As well as different texts from one language have been translated into other Indian languages. Translation has, in recent years added an immeasurable dimension to our awareness of the layered texture, the resonance and the depth of Indian society. It has enhanced knowledge of our multilingual, multicultural personality. Indeed, only through good translations can there be communication and understanding of continuum of other common heritage. Translation from Konkani does more than that; it creates awareness of the very existence of the language and region. Translation enriches comprehension of a wounded culture, the bond of language that unites a dispersed community, and the values that have sustained it.

Problem Cell Phones Essay

A mobile phone (also known as a cellular phone, cell phone, and a hand phone) is a device that can make and receive telephone calls over a radio link while moving around a wide geographic area. It does so by connecting to a cellular network provided by a mobile phone operator, allowing access to the public telephone network. By contrast, a cordless telephone is used only within the short range of a single, private base station. In addition to telephony, modern mobile phones also support a wide variety of other services such as text messaging, MMS, email, Internet access, short-range wireless communications (infrared, Bluetooth), business applications, gaming and photography. Mobile phones that offer these and more general computing capabilities are referred to as smartphones. Disadvantages & Advantages of Cell phone According to : http://vidyaprakash. expertscolumn. com/article/disadvantages-cell-phones Cell phone is playing an important role in this modern world. It is very hard to see a person without a mobile phone. Even a little kid have the ability to access the cell phone fluently without any problem. Kids are very much interested in playing games in mobile phone and spending a lot of time with it. As we know too much of cell phone usage is not good for us and it will give some unwanted health issues. Cell phone will create some unwanted radiation which is not good for our brain. A person who is using cell for a long time will surely get health issues due to it. We must control our cell activities. Avoid using it for a long time and use it whenever necessary. Listening music using the ear phone is the new trend of the youngsters and most of the persons are interested in listening music with their hands free while riding their two wheeler. Really it is a dangerous thing which causes a lot of unwanted accidents. Most of the two wheeler accidents are happened due to this activity. Now we are living a fast life and don’t have enough time to meet our friends and family members. Simply we make a call to them and ask about their updates. Previously people will meet their friends and beloved persons directly and ask about their present status, but now it is easy to communicate with anyone using the phone and most of the persons are converted to this trend it reduce the get together and social reunions a lot. Students will get diversion with cell phones, they are spending a lot of time with cell phone chatting and browsing online through their smart phone and reduce their studying activity. Most of the students are turned as cell phone and online addicts which is a great disadvantage. There is nothing wrong in using cell phone, we must use it in a limited manner to avoid unwanted issues due to it. Statement of the problem Cell phones have recently become an asset to society. Because of this, many of the negatives to cell phone ownership have been overlooked. Just a few of these problems are : Increases the likelihood of traffic accidents Increases the risk of brain cancer Scope and Limitations The research that I will conduct is only limited to students, particularly 4th year – Springtime batch 2013-2014 II. Review of related Literatures This section presents a summary of previous research materials. Information found within this section is all found in the web and journals. Cell phones do more harm than good According to: http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Mobile_phone A hand-held mobile radiotelephone is an old dream of radio engineering. Arthur C. Clarke in a 1959 essay, where he envisioned a â€Å"personal transceiver, so small and compact that every man carries one. † He wrote: â€Å"the time will come when we will be able to call a person anywhere on Earth merely by dialing a number. † Such a device would also, in Clarke’s vision, include means for global positioning so that â€Å"no one need ever again be lost. † Later, in Profiles of the Future, he predicted the advent of such a device taking place in the mid-1980s The most commonly used data application on mobile phones is SMS text messaging. The first SMS text message was sent from a computer to a mobile phone in 1992 in the UK, while the first person-to-person SMS from phone to phone was sent in Finland in 1993. Mobile phones are used for a variety of purposes, including keeping in touch with family members, conducting business, and having access to a telephone in the event of an emergency. Some people carry more than one cell phone for different purposes, such as for business and personal use. Multiple SIM cards may also be used to take advantage of the benefits of different calling plans—a particular plan might provide cheaper local calls, long-distance calls, international calls, or roaming. The most advantage of having mobile phone is you can communicate with your family, and friends no matter where you are. Cell phones also have applications for listening to music, playing games, and surfing the net. Besides that, there are lots of disadvantages. Using mobile phones can harm our brains, especially for those who are under the age of sixteen. Excessive use of mobile phones has been accused of causing dizziness, and â€Å"radiations emitted from the phone are harmful for the eardrum†, say many scientists. In addition, when we use mobile phones while driving it causes unwanted accidents. Negative effects of cell phones on our brain Radiation from mobile phones may cause brain tissue damage, a two-year study has found. Scientists discovered that emissions from handsets affect the delicate make-up of cells in blood vessels, and could be a health hazard to regular users of the UK’s 50million mobile phones. The radiation might disable a safety barrier in the body which protects the brain from harmful substances in the blood, they believe. It is the first time scientists have used cells from human blood vessels rather than rats, bringing researchers closer to the truth about long-term mobile phone use. Despite the millions spent on research in the last decade, the health implications of sustained use are still unclear. The biggest British study, led by Sir William Stewart, found two years ago that there was no evidence of a risk to health. A study published last year by the American National Cancer Institute also could not find a link between increased risk of brain cancer and mobile use. III. Research Methodology Research Design Name: Age: Sex: 1. How often do you use your cell phone ? 2. Do you know that using cell phone too much causes unwanted damages to the brain ? If yes. Do you believe that children below 10 years of age shouldn’t use cell phones ? 3. Is it really necessary for a person to have a cell phone ? Explain. 4. Is cell phone a disadvantage or advantage to your life ? Explain. Data Gathering Procedure The researcher will randomly ask ten (10 ) representatives out of the 37 students in the 4th year. A questionnaire was prepared by the researcher that will be used as a reference. The survey was conducted through the net. IV. Analysis and Interpretation of Data This chapter presents the findings, analysis and interpretation of data gathered by the researcher whose main objective is to find out the different perspectives of people and to find out what kind of damage our cell phone will do to our brain and also to state some advantages of it. Through my research I’ve found out that many scientist have and will conduct research about the radiation that we can get from cell phones. Mostly scientist from America conducts these kinds of researches. I also found out that the radiation of the cell phone emits is dangerous to all of us. Especially those who are 16 years of age and below. I also found out that there is not enough proof that cell phones can really damage our brain. Someone said that it is early for us to conclude that cell phones are bad for our health. Because even scientists can’t really find the right answer to our questions. A scientist said that we don’t know what will be the impact of the radiation of the cell phone emits will do to us if we still use it for the next 10 or even 20 years. He also said that that is the reason why we need to conduct more studies. According to my survey 9 out of 10 said that they always use their cell phones. 9 out 10 said that they know that using cell phone too much causes unwanted damages to the brain. 10 out of 10 said that having cell phone is necessary because it’s time for us to upgrade and use the cell phone to communicate and because it is easier to do, it also takes less of our time if we use our cell phones as I have said in my introduction cell phones are wireless, we can use them anywhere. 5 out of 10 said that cell phones are advantages to their lives. Because it makes almost everything easy. 1 out of 10 said that it is a disadvantage because is makes us lazy. 4 out of 10 said that they pick advantage and disadvantage.

Bloomberg terminal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Bloomberg terminal - Essay Example The case study will include an assessment of subsequent investment preferences and expected financial status upon completion of studies at the University of East London (UEL). Table of Contents Brache, A. (2008). Nine variables affect innovation within today's Enterprise Model. Tooling & Production. The Free Library. Nelson Publishing. Retrieved from http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Nine+variables+affect+innovation+within+today%27s+Enterprise+Model.-a0173644126 16 Value Click. (2013.) Book-To-Market Ratio. Investopedia US. Retrieved from http://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/booktomarketratio.asp#axzz2JE9l3c9G 17 1. Introduction Bloomberg provides the financial world with news, analytics, and financial data through several indices. After reviewing goldmines of financial data, investors must ultimately choose where to spend. Consistency during periods of recession is a string indicator of the health of most funds. Implementation of sustainability programs exist to ensure the long run succe ss of the operations. This is considered true by Fiksel in his study of the strategies employed by top international corporations to attain superior business performance (Fiksel, 1999). According to Alan Brache, 9 variables affect strategy: knowledge management, human capabilities, organizational structure, business processes, issue resolution, culture, leadership and progress (Brache, 2008). Since shareholders know only what is reported to them, concerns about how the business should operate are written. The shareholders assume the agency is operating according to the specifications of the business relationship. When this is not the case, agency costs arise. United States government regulation of stock trading by the SEC is a preventive measure in an industry plagued with fraud. Only the strong survive in the bull and bear markets. Investors must acknowledge the proper protocol of investing which consists of due diligence and research before making investments. In the context of in vesting, due diligence is defined as ‘the process by which a potential investor obtains a sufficient understanding of a business to enable him to take an informed decision on investing in that business’ (Business Week, 2012). Beyond the recession from 2007 to 2009, the saga of financial turmoil for agencies in the United Kingdom continued. On April 20, 2010, an explosion in the Gulf of Mexico released British Petroleum (BP) oil all over the Gulf of Mexico. The incident made history as the largest accidental oil spill (New York Times, 2012). Enterprise Risk Management Risk is a reality that exists in every aspect of business. Risk velocity is the rate of speed that the risk can appear and begin to develop (Steinberg, 2011). The risk appetite represents the amount of risk the company can afford to accept. Risk velocity must constantly be offset. Key Risk Indicators (KRIs) affect the speed with which risk management can control risk issues (Steinberg, 2010). The fundamenta l concepts of ERM work together to strategize against risk through objectives. Prevention is of major focus. Setting objectives and following through is the first strategy. The following lists key ERM fundamental concepts (Flaherty, 2004): An on-going process Effects every level of the organization Applied in strategy setting at every level of the organization. A portfolio view of risk Risk identification and management within risk appetite Provide assurance to management, stakeholders, and board of directors Meet

Marketing and management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Marketing and management - Essay Example Its customers include white collared as well as blue collared workers irrespective of their race, age and income group. Its homely atmosphere and common place ambience bestows it with a distinctive quality that makes a working family man comfortable to visit the place with his family. Its main target customers are the middle class people, both males and females aged between 18 to 25 years. Its relationship with its customers has remained unchanged through the thick and thin of time. Never has it attempted to change the profile of its target customers. The customers too have remained loyal to the company. Dunkin’ Donuts value proposition is to frame a clear idea of the type of customers it seeks to serve. An attempt to target any other type of customers will not be very effective rather it would then run the risk of losing its existing customers. The primary focus of Dunkin’ is the middle class people. Some time back Dunkin’ had termed a new sandwich as â€Å"Panini†. It was not accepted by the customers because they felt that the name was too fancy. It was then renamed as â€Å"Stuffed melt†. The company aims at broadening its customer base by providing them with products and services that they want. They came out with a campaign that involved its existing customers and clients. People shared photos along with the brand name and posted these photographs on the walls. This helped to nurture a relation between the company and its customers and drew in more coffee addicts. This measure broadened the customer base and increased brand awareness. (Fall 2006, The Bright Agency. p.10) Starbucks is another fast food restaurant that gives a tough competition to Dunkin’ Donuts. However, the two companies target different customers and have totally different requirements for their respective coffee shops. Starbucks has differentiated itself as a service provider to high end customers. Its ambience is

Natural gas in Saudi Arabia Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Natural gas in Saudi Arabia - Research Paper Example From recently however after compression it is pumped through pipes to its separate refinery. Natural gas like oil and coal are sources of non-renewable energy. The gas is usually pumped up from its underground deposit. It is channeled through pipes to a storage site. Common uses of natural gas include production of heat in industries and residential areas. It also serves the same purpose in the commercial area, in electrical power generation and fueling vehicles. Brief history Saudi Arabia is among the largest Arab states. It is located in western Asia. It is a country that is bordered by Iraq, Jordan, Qatar, Bahrain, United Arab Emirates, Yemen, Oman. It lies between the red sea and the persian gulf. It has a total surface area of 2.25 million square kilometres.It has population of 27 million people as per 2010 estimates.It is the 46th largest country in the world by population. Its yearly GDP is USD 733.14 billion as per 2012 estimates. This country is one among the leading worldâ €™s energy producer. It produces over 10 million barrels of liquid petroleum per day. A large percentage of this oil is exported. 90 % of the income of this country comes from petroleum exports. Saudi Arabia has approximately 260,000 million barrels of known oil . ... Major natural gas exporting countries are Algeria, Norway, UAE, Russia and Canada. Reserve estimation. Saudi Arabia is estimated to hold natural gas reserves that are 4.14% of the whole world. This is 7,835 bcm .50% to 60% of the natural gas in this country occurs with other petroleum deposits. The other percentage occurs combined with sulfur. Only a small percentage is developed from this mixture. In the world’s ranking its natural gas reserves are the fifth largest but in production of the gas they are 9th in position. They produce a paltry 3 % of the world gas. Compared to 13% of the world’s oil they produce. Oil fields The country has around 100 main gas and oil fields. Eight of these fields account for half of the oil reserves. The Ghawar field is the largest oil field in the world. It is about 1,260 sq. mile. A third of the world’s natural gas comes from this field while 57% of the gas in this country is mined from the field. Other fields where the gas is b eing produced include a giant onshore and offshore Zuluf fields and Safaniya. Safaniya Field has a reputation of being the largest offshore oil field. It is in the Persian Gulf. It produces 1200,000 barrels per day. It was discovered in discovered in 1951. Its natural gas reserve amounts to 152?109Â  m3. Shaybah Field is a giant field which is found in the Rub’Al-Khli desert. It was established in 1990. Materials to build it were gotten 800 kilometers away from its location. It has dwelling facilities for a thousand men, it has offices for administration, there is a recreation centre, airstrip and workshops. It is linked to radio system by 650 kilometer fibre optic. It has estimated 14,000 million of unrefined oil and 25,000 billion ft 3 of gas. It was established in

Media theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Media theory - Essay Example A number of interpretations for these methodologies and styles are possible based on various lenses used to analyze the creation of different media elements. Contemporary media studies consist of various analytical elements and styles. These could depend on semiotics, ideological analysis, psychoanalytical approaches, formalist approaches, feminist approaches, modern approaches, post modern approaches, post structuralist approaches as well as post colonial approaches. However, there is a certain fluidity present between these differing approaches so no one piece of media can be termed as relying on one of these approaches alone. Instead, it is common for more than one device to be used to create media elements (Berger, 2011). This ensures that a singular piece of media will appeal to as many audiences as possible at the same time. In order to satisfy the needs of various subcultures it is necessary to construe a piece of media from as many differing perspectives as possible without s poiling its overall composure. While some pieces of media might contain this contention through the process of directed creation, other pieces of media might contain such influences involuntarily. It is highly obvious that a number of sub cultures also influences the creator of a piece of media. Hence, it is natural to expect a piece of media to be composed of various forms and methods of thinking and style. This is all the more obvious for textual pieces of media more than other kinds of media. It might be argued that other media such as movies for example are far richer in terms of content than textual pieces. However, movies are the joint collaboration of a number of people working together while textual content is often the creation of one individual alone. The depth contained within textual materials is arguably far richer than other pieces or elements of media. This paper will focus on the media analysis of a piece of text contained in the January 2011 edition of Time Magazine titled New Ways to Think of Grief by Ruth Davis Konigsberg. A number of different media analysis approaches will be used in order to decipher the creation and composure of the said piece of media. These will involve a combination of theoretical as well as practical media analysis tools and theories. These tools will be applied to the subject text sequentially to bring out the various influences as they compose the text. The article by Konigsberg tends to look at grief, one of the most basic of all human emotional expressions. Certain human experiences such as happiness, grief, surprise and the like are such basic blocks of the human being that they are seldom revisited for consideration. It is common for an average person to never look into these nooks and crannies and to forge ahead in life using conceptions gathered from society. However, the article penned by Konigsberg forces one to â€Å"revisit the basics† to see how one’s conception of grief is fashioned by the people and social values around a person. This method of looking at grief or this method of looking at anything else is purely post modernist without argument. The post modernist approach relies on â€Å"revisiting the basics† to look for continual and dynamic evolution of issues that fashion human life. The basic tenet of post modernism is the belief that human issues are continually evolving and will continue to behave as such without any stoppage. These ideas are supported by the fact that society is

Case Analysis of Staples, Inc., Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Analysis of Staples, Inc., - Case Study Example Furthermore, this paper will comprise framing strategy that may help the firm to deal with all the factors in order to achieve its goal efficiently and smoothly (Fred, 2009). Analysis External Factor Evaluation (EFE): EFI is considered to be the strategic administration tool often used by all organization to assess current business condition of the firm. It is considered to be an important process as the end result helps the firm to visualize the threat and select all the opportunities that tends to arise. In accordance to case the EFI of Staple Inc. is stated below: Figure: 1 External Factor Evaluation (EFE) of Staple Inc. On the basis of the above mentioned figure, it can be stated that the factor of low currency value offers an opportunity for the company as the export policies of the government would be modified or directed to increase the foreign currency in the country. Such initiatives of the government would provide the organization with an opportunity to expand its business. The company’s strategy of diversifying its business and creating new products has also offered it with an opportunity to expand its product and service line and effectively meet the needs of discriminating customers. Moreover, the crisis in the economic condition would help the organization in terms of brand awareness as foreign company would be reluctant to invest in such economic condition. Consequently, the organization will be able to attract large base of customers. The factor of the firm size can also be considered as a positive factor as it helps in creating brand awareness as well as it will act as a barrier for new entry of firm (Meredith, Forest & Fred, 2009; Fred, 2009). On the other hand, the increasing competition due to the entry of new firms in the industry has imposed significant threat. The firm is further unable to penetrate into the local market as it is primarily focus on meeting the public needs. Moreover, frequent change in the government policies has s trongly deterred the ability of the organization to expand its business. Another important threat factor includes constant innovation in technology. The rapid advancement in technology has resulted in rapid obsolescence which has further contributed towards increased costs for the organization (Meredith, Forest & Fred, 2009; Fred, 2009). Internal Factor Evaluation (IFE): IFE consists of all the factors that relates directly or indirectly to the organizations functioning. The main motive behind evaluating the internal factor of an organization is to major weakness and the strength that exist in the operating area of a business. The IFE of Staple Inc. is represented below. Figure: 2 Internal Factor Evaluation (IFE) of Staple Inc. On the basis of the above illustration, i.e. Internal Factor Evaluation (IFE), it can be asserted that the factor of being one of largest distributor of office goods acts as an opportunity for the firm. Moreover, its stable financial position has also contrib uted towards smooth functioning of its business operations. Additionally, the marketing and advertisement activities executed by the firm have significantly benefited it to attain increased brand awareness and has further facilitated in seeking greater competitiveness. At the same time, large number of retail stores situated at different locations

Health community promotion project Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Health community promotion project - Assignment Example SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS: Regarding social indicator, children who attend attended the lecture about nutrition education, about healthy food were in different economical level, and were both boys and girls. They look alike in normal weight, active and love to play indoor games such as video games and as I saw, they like to play football, run on the playground of North light community service or go to the river down to draw in the company of the teacher of art. To improve children health, we have to assess, plan, implement and evaluate the result to know the level of our goals reached. HEALTH SYSTEMS & SERVICES Children in this age bracket require health systems are within their proximity and should very much concentrate of health care than treatment. Such hospitals include Roxborough Hospital, Lankenau, Chestnut Hill Hospital and Mercy Health Systems. POLITICAL SYSTEM 4th District Councilman Curtis Jones and Mayor Micheal Nutter VITAL STATISTICS Marriage rate: Male- 15.5/1000 vs. Femal e 14.3/1000. Married 984. Divorce rate: Male 7.7/1000 vs. Female 7.4/1000 Divorced or separated 318. HEALTH RELATED BEHAVIORS: The assessment of child health related behavior was possible because of the strengths and difficulties questionnaire, which is a screening measure for identifying children’s behavioral and emotional problems for at least six previous months. There were 25 items in the measure, which addressed five factors like conduct problems, hyperactivity, pro-social behavior and emotional symptoms as well as peer problems. Five items helped assess the impact of aspect problems of children’s life. The reactions of parents depend on what their children options. INTERRELATIONSHIP: From the research data, the figures clearly suggest that the economy is very good. This means that the lower would be on the low end of middle class or the upper end of lower class. (Northlight Community Center, 2013) the white neighborhood have many second and third generation immig rants accounting for the bulk of the older generation and young professionals coming together into the mix with the median age being 7 to 8 years. The target chosen for the teaching is children between the age of seven and eight attending an after school program at Northlight Community Center in Manayunk. There are possible assumptions that the children are attending the after school program because both the mother and father are working. With regard to religion, multiple churches account for a faith based population (Northlight Community Center, 2013). KID PROGRAMS There is Assessing children’s knowledge about healthy food by asking questions about their favorite color to connect it with Veggies or fruits. There is correct misunderstanding view about food and our projects Congratulate small positive steps. STRENGH OF THE POPULATION: The primary strengths and risk factors of children aged between seven and 8 years include being easy to adapt and replace ideas as well as stron g influence to their parents. They easily replace their ideas due to peer pressure and peer perception in school groups. The children under the 8 has some information about food, our project therefore needs to confirm the good information about healthy food used to make strong basic based on their information. At this age, children easily like and eat

Kidney Function and Alcohol Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Kidney Function and Alcohol - Essay Example The first process, i.e. Ultrafiltration means filtration under immense pressure and takes place in the Bowman’s capsule. A hydrostatic pressure develops in the capsule because the efferent arteriole is narrower than the afferent arteriole owing to which water, glucose, amino acids, urea and salts enter the capsule from the glomerulus through podocytes (McNaught & Callander, 1975). The second process, i.e. Reabsorption helps to return useful constituents back into the blood stream. Reabsorption takes place in the convoluted tubules as well as in the Loop of Henle. Active Reabsorption takes place in the proximal convoluted tubule where entire glucose, sodium, potassium, uric acid and 75% water is reabsorbed. After this the liquid enters the Loop of Henle where further salts and water are again reabsorbed. Almost 80% of the water Reabsorption takes place in the proximal convoluted tubule and the Loop of Henle by obligatory Reabsorption. It is during Reabsorption that a counter cu rrent mechanism occurs and the urine is made hypertonic by regular exchange of sodium ions between the limbs of the Loop of Henle. Next, the urine passes into the distal convoluted tubule where the Reabsorption of water is initiated by a hormone named ADH or Vasopressin. Vasopressin or ADH is released by the posterior pituitary gland and play an important role in regulating the amount of urine formed. Absence of ADH in the distal convoluted tubule decreases Reabsorption of water and hence large amounts of urine is passed whereas increased amount of ADH, increases Reabsorption of water and the quantity of urine passed is much less. The last process is called Tubular secretion which takes place in the distal convoluted tubules and the collecting tubules. Tubular secretion is the opposite mechanism of tubular Reabsorption. Here, potassium ions are secreted to maintain the pH of the blood while sodium is reabsorbed by rennin-angiotensin mechanism (Dunn & Donnelly, 2008, pp79). After thi s the urine formed is voided through the urethra via the act of micturition. The kidneys not only help in elimination of harmful substances but also play an important role in maintaining blood volume. Kidneys are able to retain water and sodium, owing to hormone vasopressin and rennin-angiotensin mechanism help in regulating the blood volume too. Alcohol consumption is detrimental for the body in more ways than just one. It affects the liver, excretory system, circulatory system, respiratory system and is a major cause of disease such as liver cirrhosis, alcoholic hepatitis, cancer etc (Barclay et al, 2008). Both chronic and acute alcohol consumption is known to have adverse effects on the body especially on the excretory system because it taxes the kidneys heavily. Alcohol consumption impairs the efficiency of the kidneys and disturbs the fluid and electrolytic balance of the body. It has been observed that within half an hour of alcohol consumption, urine is excreted. The increase d loss of fluid through urine excretion leads to concentration of the electrolytes present in the blood. This is in fact the major reason that causes dehydration in people who consume alcohol. We are already aware of the fact that urine output depends largely on Anti-Diuretic hormone or Vasopressin. Vasopressin induces fluid conservation by the kidneys thereby concentrating the urine output. In the absence of this effect, the kidneys fail to conserve any fluid because of

Ozone Depletion Causes Global Warming Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Ozone Depletion Causes Global Warming - Essay Example When it is formed near the surface of the earth, it is toxic and may cause asthma while it is a blanket of protection from solar radiation once it is located in the atmosphere. The region of the ozone in the atmosphere is known as the ozone layer which has an altitude of 10 to 35 kilometers. The oxygen in the atmosphere once exposed to ultraviolet rays from the sun is converted to ozone and the harmful UV radiation is absorbed. It is very important to have ozone since the higher the concentration of ozone, the less UV radiation can reach the surface of the earth and the same applies the other way around. Sunburn, skin cancers and eye cataracts are the consequences once ozone layer is thin and more UV rays can penetrate the atmosphere (Shanklin 84). To understand the ozone in the atmosphere better, it would be help if the exact location is identified and further reactions that may cause the depletion of it. Ozone layer is part of the stratosphere and the ozone gas is scattered over 15 kilometers above sea level. Ozone may not be as much as the concentration of oxygen and nitrogen in the air, it is still very important because of its ability to absorb the radiation. In 1970, a study was made by Crutzen regarding nitrogen oxides which are produced from the decay of nitrous oxide through the action of microorganisms in the soil. The study showed how nitrogen oxides react quickly with ozone leading to the concentration reduction of available ozone. Such a study opened the research on  "global biogeo-chemical cycles" and the nitrogen oxides released by airplanes as they travel on the stratosphere (Lipkin 262). Ozone layer depletion increased the harmful radiation at the surface of the planet. The change may have both beneficial and harmful effects to living things especially to human beings. More people became aware of the consequences of radiation exposure in the past 60 years. According to some recent reports, the eye and the skin are the most prawn to damages an d diseases once exposed to UV radiation. Cataract is the usual effect of UV radiation to the eyes while skin cancer is the common result on skin (Norval et. al. 199). The other term that must be defined is global warming. The average surface temperature of earth increases as the years passed and possibly it would continue in the future is said to be global warming. It is caused by the greenhouse effect which is the increase in the concentration carbon dioxide and other gases like water vapor, methane, chlorofluorocarbons and nitrous oxide in the atmosphere that envelop the surface of the earth and prevents the UV radiation to escape to the outer space. Human activities hasten the increase in concentration of the green house gases that increase the temperature of the earth. Climate models predicted that surface temperature of the earth increases by 1.1-6.4oC within the year 1990 and 2100. If greenhouse effect had been regulated, the temperature of planet earth would have been 30oC lo wer at least (Rajeshwari 337). Global warming is really affected by the green house gases that are responsible for the green house effect. Experts say manmade carbon dioxide emissions are the primary reason for the increase in temperature. Other people may claim that the occurrence is just normal although the temperature increase nowadays is beyond the normal threshold. The findings were not able to find any alarming carbon dioxide

Nevada Policy Scenarios Essay Example for Free

Nevada Policy Scenarios Essay In light of population growth, Nevada continues to seek new resources for water consumption. Options include working with farmers and states such as California, Arizona, Idaho, and even the Country of Mexico. There are also various Lake Mead projects that could supply the needed water, as well as conservation projects within the state of Nevada. Dry winters have left several western states in a drought including Nevada. So Congress passed the Act of July 26, 1866. This act was the foundation of subsequent western water law because it recognized the common law practices that American settlers in the new territories had already put in place. The law is as follows: By priority of possession rights to use water of mining,agriculture,manufacturing, or other purposes, have vested and accrued, and the same are recognized and acknowledged by the local customs, laws and decisions of courts, the possessors and owners of such vested rights shall be maintained and protected in the same; and the right of way for the construction of ditches and canals for the purposes herein specified is acknowledged and confirmed; but whenever any person in the construction is injured or damages should be liable to the party. However the agency’s policies have created economic distortions and environmental damage. (Edwards, 2009) (Bowers, 2005) Works Cited Bowers, M. W. (2005). The Sagegrush State. http://www.downsizinggovernment.org/interior/cutting-bureau-reclamation. (2009). Exploitation of Nevada Resources There are many resources in Nevada that people over use. For example, water, solar, and mining. Here are some reasons why and how we over use them. Water is a very important resource that is over used all over the world. We exploit this resource by washing our car to often or watering our garden daily. Why does our car always need to be sparkly clean or do we really need to water our garden every day. We may not realize how often we use water, but we all need to be a little more responsible when using the water, we need to think of our future and make the water last. Second, a very important resource is our solar and solar panels. So many of us leave our lights on when we are not even using the lights. If Americans would use solar energy correctly than Nevada would have the possibility to run low on it. Another way we all use solar energy is by leaving our plugs in at all times when it is unnecessary and we do not even need the plugs in the circuit. This waste energy and money. So be smart on how you use solar power. Finally, mining is Avery important part of our life. Without mining we would not have many metals that we use for technology. We need to be responsible with our mining because of the environmental impact on our land. A highly example that is happening today is the Telsa battery factory that is being built in Reno. They are going to mine the lithium from Nevada. Hopefully it will be mined responsibility and not with economic thoughts in mind only. (Michael W. Bowers, chapter 11) Alternative Sources of Energy in Nevada Alternative energy encompasses all things that do not use fossil fuels. Alternative energy sources are widely available and environmental friendly. They cause little or no pollution. Solar energy is one of the alternative energy sources that are used most widely across the world. There are two kinds of solar energy. Active solar energy and passive solar energy. Active solar energy uses electrical technology and mechanical technology. Passive solar energy uses duration and the sun’s rays. Wind energy uses the power of the wind to propel the blades of wind turbines or community with income windmills. The rotation of the wind turbine blades is converted to  electricity by means of an electrical generator. Wind Power produces no pollution. Hydroelectric power comes from the potential energy of damned water driving a water turbine and generator. Gases, oil, and fossil fuels can be replaced by feces and urine. Feces contain methane, a colorless, odorless gas that could be used in the same way as natural gas. Now, let’s not forget the urine. Scientists are looking for a way to make the world’s first urine powered fuel cells. It would be a viable way for astronauts or military personnel to produce power on the go. Those are just a few ways people could use alternative energy. Using alternative energy is simple and easy. It does not coat extra money, it saves money and energy. This is just a few easy and cheap ways to save money and use alternative energy. (http://www.altenergy.org, 2013) Works Cited (2013). Retrieved from http://www.altenergy.org. Allied Nevada. (2013). http://www.alliednevada,com/properties/hycroft-mine-exploration. Bowers, M. W. (2005). The Sagegrush State. http://www.downsizinggovernment.org/interior/cutting-bureau-reclamation. (2009). NGE. (2014). http://www.nevadaexploration.com/. Past and Present Gaming As the casino industry brings in the community with income and tourism, there are more and more countries legalizing and liberalizing this industry. However, the expansion of the casino industry depends on the ability to grant credit to guest. In Nevada, the casino credit accounts for more than fifty percent of the revenue generated by games in the states larger casinos. (Auguilera, Rubinstein, and Reid, 2000) Steve Wynn Resort did not start to conduct the Wynn Resort until the law allows casinos to grant credit to patrons in 2004. It is obvious that the ability to grant credit is important for the profitability to casinos. However, without proper regulation, it is harmless to society to granny credit for gaming (Eadington, 1987.) Nevada is not an exception. With a long history of operating the casino industry, it was until 983 that the Nevada legislature erased the century of court decisions holding that gaming debts are  unenforceable. However, casinos still have to do background checks strictly before granting credit to patrons. Although the two jurisdictions have put much emphasis on controlling the credit extension activity. In the United States, Nevada, the gaming industry is more mature so that credit extension to patron is more strictly regulated by Nevada Gaming Control Board. Even though Nevada had a long history of developing the gaming, it was until 1983 that casino credit extension is allowed. Later in 1991, it was amended that â€Å"A credit instrument accepted on or after June 1, 1983 and the debt that the credit instrument represents are valid and may be enforced by legal process.†(Citation law 79) We have learned that casino industry is not the common industry that the operators can pursue for profit maximization. This industry creates job opportunities and revenue to the community and government yet not without any side effect. Besides the legal framework, in order to minimize the social cost from casino credit, in my opinion, the jurisdiction needs to develop sound and safe banking system before legalizing casino credit activities. On the other hand, in Nevada, the casino industry has reached its maturity. In conclusion gambling was re-legalized in 1931 as gaming expanded in the 1960’s, the casino industry remained geographically isolated in the state of Nevada. Nevada has potentially grown where visitors spend over 25 billion on gaming monthly, this does not include shopping food, etc. Without gaming the unemployment rate would be outrageous. All these casinos bring so many jobs, and so many people around the world will continue to come join the fun in Las Vegas at least once before they die. (http://www.americangaming.org/newsroom/specches-testimony/gaming-industry-past-present-future, 2014) Works Cited (2013). Retrieved from http://www.altenergy.org. Allied Nevada. (2013). http://www.alliednevada,com/properties/hycroft-mine-exploration. Bowers, M. W. (2005). The Sagegrush State. http://www.americangaming.org/newsroom/specches-testimony/gaming-industry-past-present-future. (2014). http://www.downsizinggovernment.org/interior/cutting-bureau-reclamation. (2009). NGE. (2014). http://www.nevadaexploration.com/.

Why Is Assessment Carried Out Nursing Essay

Why Is Assessment Carried Out Nursing Essay Although some questions may appear similar, there are subtle differences that need to be considered if you are sign-posting one answer to another. Criteria Number Assessment Criteria 1.1 Explain the functions of assessment: Why is assessment carried out? What is the purpose of assessment? What does assessment measure? What are the anticipated outcomes of assessment? Assessment is carried out as a way of compiling information about an individual or group to ascertain development needs. It is an integral part of both learning and teaching/coaching and allows the assessor to identify strengths, weaknesses and gaps in learning, enabling them to plan for the next steps in their learning by providing feedback to the individual and agreeing targets. Assessment may be used for 3 main reasons Pre-Assessment To categorize or identify the development stage at which an individual or group is currently performing at. This will provide a benchmark relative to a predetermined criteria and/or standard. Formative Assessment Once a baseline measure has been ascertained, an intervention can then be planned for. This allows the assessor to highlight specific areas of the assessment and target the intervention towards the needs of the individual or group. Using this approach enables the assessor to establish clear programme objectives. Summative Assessment Evaluating is just as important as the assessment itself. It is a process that can determine the growth and progress of the individual or group. This is why it is important to assess before and after the implementation of any programme as the effectiveness of the programme can be measured according to the difference between the two assessments. Continuous or formative assessment, is required not only of the individual and/or group but also of the product of learning, and then compared to the criteria and/or standards set out by the awarding body, (if applicable). This allows for assessment to be integrated into the teaching and learning process and links closely to what we assess, when we assess and why we assess. Assessment is not the be all and end all of teaching, but rather a process that maps a students progress and achievements during a specified timescale. Using the feedback given to them from assessment, the student will have an understanding of their target/s and be able to discuss with the assessor where they currently stand in relation to this target. From here, the student should have a better understanding of how they can achieve the desired outcome.. 1.2 Define these key concepts and principles of assessment: Fair Reliable Valid Safe and manageable Suitable to the candidate needs Fair Fairness in assessment ensures that the individual is given equal opportunities to be successful in reaching their objective. Reliable Reliability in assessment is essential. This would mean for example that if we repeated an assessment on a student, or they were observed by another assessor, then the results should be consistent across the board. Valid Assessment needs to be valid. What this means is that it assesses what it is supposed to assess. An example of this would be if I were to assess a student on their ability to coach a sports session. I could get the candidate to write up on how to coach a session, however, this would not allow me to assess whether or not they could physically coach a session and as such the method would prove to be invalid. A correct method would be to actually watch them coach a session Safe and Manageable Planning in depth and complicated assessments could have a negative effect as they can become completely unmanageable. When putting a plan together, the time management of the individual and/or group, as well as the assessors, should be taken into consideration and not become a burden. Suitable to the candidate needs Assessment should always take into consideration the needs of the individual and /or group. The criteria of most programmes can be assessed in a variety of ways which enables the assessor to steer the individual and/or group to the desired outcome by utilising different methods based on the candidates personal circumstances. 1.3 Explain the responsibilities of the assessor with regard to: Planning Assessing Constructive feedback It is up to the assessor to organise any assessment programme that the individual/ group will embark on. Both the candidate and the assessor will need to agree on the most suitable source of evidence to use for the particular unit/s and agree upon an achievable target date, along with times and places for the assessment to take place. It may also be necessary for the assessor to contact any staff, management, company or organisation to relay their intentions of assessment, as some places of work can have very strict guidelines in place, for example- the prison service, and authorisation would need to be sought. The assessor needs to ensure that the planning is holistic with the aim of looking at the overall picture. The range of assessment methods and strategies to be used should first be checked with the awarding body. This will clarify if the chosen method is suitable as evidence. Any prior learning would also have to be taken into account during the planning process. The assessor would need to seek out this information at the beginning to reduce ant duplication. Both formative and summative assessments and be used to assess the performance, knowledge and understanding of the individual, who will need to provide evidence of assessment criteria for the assessor to check over. It is the assessor responsibility to ensure they have an up to date copy of the criteria to which they intend to assess. Based on this they can then provide feedback to the individual on how to achieve the required result if the requirements have not been met. However, the assessor has a responsibility to the candidate to ensure that the correct assessment methods are being used for the task at hand All resulting decisions will then need to be recorded and justified. When providing feedback, the assessor should ensure they identify and reinforce any strengths witnessed from the evidence. Praise on achieving aspects of the criteria is essential for further progress to occur. At this point, it is important to remember to focus on the activity/ task and not the person. The assessor needs to be objective, and not allow the feedback to get personal. It is deemed as poor practice to begin labelling the candidate as lazy or uninterested for example. The assessor needs to steer the conversation towards what was actually seen, heard, or read. On discussing areas for improvement whereby the individual has fallen short of the desired result, the assessor and the individual would need to define and agree on the arising issues and work together to construct a solution, setting out new aims and objectives and ways of how these can, and will be achieved. It is imperative that any feedback be given as close to the activity as possible. This will allow for a more accurate account of the assessment. 1.4 Identify the company and industry rules and regulations relevant to assessment in your own area of practice? The College and the Awarding Bodies used within the department strive to ensure that there are no unnecessary barriers when it comes to assessing sports students. The requirements and assessment methods in place for students offer a flexibility to enable a wide range of individuals to be able to demonstrate the level of competence required to meet the standards in a fair and reliably way. To ensure this is carried out correctly, the college is required to provide an Internal Verification Policy and Assessment Plan, that highlights the objectives, strategies and procedures that show that the department is approaching assessment in the correct manner, which is in line with both college and national requirements. This allows the IV to check that assessment is being carried out and is consistent across the board. Any internal verification done within the department must be completed by someone not teaching on the course being run. All assessors, internal and external verifiers must be of a standard set out by the NGB/Awarding Bodies for which they need to monitor any changes and implement these accordingly. Any work that has been assessed by an unqualified assessor would need to be counter signed by a qualified assessor. This is to ensure that the evidence, methods and processes that have been used have been checked and authenticated. 2.1 Compare the strengths and limitations of a range of assessment methods with regard to your individual learners? 3.1 Identify the key factors to consider when planning assessment? Consider: Readiness of the Learner Time constraints Workplace requirements Location 3.2 Evaluate the benefits of a holistic approach to assessment? Consider: The opportunities for observation 3.3 Explain how to plan a holistic approach to assessment 3.4 Summarise the types of risks that may be involved in assessment in your own area of responsibility. Consider both HS risks and business risks. 3.5 Explain how to minimise risks through the planning process. Consider: Correct Legislation Policies and Procedures 4.1 Explain the importance of involving the learner and others in the assessment process? Consider: Motivation Range of experience and understanding How to involve expert witnesses 4.2 Summarise the types of information that should be made available to learners and others involved in the assessment process e.g.: Documentation Policies Procedures Skills analysis outcomes Others 4.3 Explain how peer and self-assessment can be used effectively to promote learner involvement and personal responsibility in the assessment of learning? Consider: Development of analytical skills Understanding of specifications Self reflection of own performance 4.4 Explain how assessment arrangements can be adapted to meet the needs of individual learners e.g. Time consideration, work/shift patterns etc. Confidentiality issues Consideration of learning styles Variation of assessment methods 5.1 Explain how to judge whether evidence is: Sufficient Are the requirements met and how do you know? Authentic Is it the learners own work and how do you know? Current Have the working practices around that activity changed since the evidence was produced? 5.2 Explain how to ensure that assessment decisions are: Made against specified criteria Refer to your standards Valid Accurately measured using a method that suits the situation Reliable Ensuring the same results regardless of who is assessing Fair That equality diversity and individual needs have been considered 6.1 Evaluate the importance of quality assurance in the assessment process? 6.2 Summarise the quality assurance and standardisation procedures in your own area of practice including: Internal procedures QCF and awarding institute guidelines 6.3 Summarise the procedures to follow when there are disputes concerning assessment in your own area of practice: Internal and external procedures, including appeals 7.1 Explain the importance of following procedures for the management of information relating to assessment. Give consideration to: The NVQ code of practice 2006 Regulatory arrangements for the QCF 2008 Company policies and procedures Awarding institutes policies and procedures 7.2 Explain how feedback and questioning contribute to the assessment process? 8.1 Explain legal issues, policies and procedures relevant to assessment, including those for confidentiality, health, safety and welfare. Give consideration to: Data protection Child protection Safeguarding Health and safety 8.2 Explain the contribution that technology can make to the assessment process? 8.3 Evaluate the requirements for equality and diversity and where appropriate bilingualism in relation to assessment? 8.4 Explain the value of reflective practice and continuing professional development in the assessment process?

Advantages and disadvantages of implementing TQM

Advantages and disadvantages of implementing TQM The topic for the study is advantages and disadvantages of implementing TQM as a precursor to ISO 9000 and vice versa. The sector taken for the study is petrochemical industries and the country chosen is UK. The papers scope of analysis extends to the current position of this industry and the challenges faced by it. The study has attempted to make an in depth discussion about the advantages of implementing quality concepts in petrochemical industry. The pros and cons entailing due to the implementation of TQM and ISO 9000 are also explained. Performance standard for each activity increases the overall performance of organizations in this sector. Therefore, it is essential for every organization to implement any of the quality concepts, so that it will enable it to manufacture and distribute quality products. Introduction: In this modern world, which fast changing, most of the organizations are coming up with new strategies to attract their customers. Nowadays, consumers have become totally aware of the quality of products and services delivered by the organizations. There was a wrong belief that the quality concerns only products but not service. But later the perspective has changed. managers perspectives on its possible effect on company performance are not positive product quality that will be improvised after the implementation (Costa 2004, p.1). The customers always demand good quality for the products and services for which they pay. Due to this, the use of quality concept has become an important criterion for both manufacturing and service industries across the world. Maintaining quality for the products and services is not an easy task for all organizations. Product and service quality is the central part of all the organization that leads to the accomplishment of the organizational goals and objectives. For sustaining quality within the organization, some quality concepts are required to be implemented. These concepts are implemented in the organization to boost the overall efficiency of the company in a qualitative manner. There are many quality concepts that can be implemented for this purpose. Among various quality concepts, the most important concepts are total quality management system and ISO 9000. Maintaining quality in the overall work progress has envisaged the petrochemical industries to emphasise more on quality of the products and services that they deliver. Quality management system is an important criteria that have to be given due consideration in the every operation of any business. The design and implementation of a quality management system will vary depending on the type, size and products of the organisation (ISO 9001:2000 quality management system n.d.). Quality management standards promote the adoption of a process approach when developing, implementing and improving the effectiveness of a quality management system, to enhance customer satisfaction by meeting customer requirements (Quality management systems requirements for service quality by public service organization 2005, p.2). To recapitulate, the industries taken for the current study is petrochemical industry in UK. Due to the slowdown in the global market economy in the year 2009, there was a huge decline in the demand for the products manufactured by the petrochemical industry. The petrochemical industry of today is an indispensable part of the manufacturing and consuming sectors, churning out products which include paint, plastic, rubber, detergents, dyes, fertilizers, textiles, and even solvents.  (Analyzing the global petrochemical industry, 2009, para.1). The top ten petrochemical industries in the world are as follows: BASF (Germany) Dow Chemical (USA) ExxonMobil Chemical (USA) LyondellBasell Industries (Netherlands) INEOS (UK) Saudi Basic Industries Corporation (Saudi Arabia) Formosa Plastics Corporation (Taiwan) Sumitomo Chemical (Japan) DuPont (USA) Chevron Phillips (USA). (Baxter, 2009, para.7). As far as petrochemical industry in UK is concerned, maintaining quality is an important aspect. To achieve this objective in all spheres of work processes in petrochemical industry, various quality concepts have been implemented in these organizations. Among these the concept which has created an overall progress for this sector is the concept of Total Quality Management (TQM) and ISO 9000. TQM is considered as a holistic and systematic approach that provides quality management for the petrochemical industry in United Kingdom. It is an integrated management philosophy which continuously focuses on improving the quality performance of the products, processes and services that are delivered by the organizations to meet the customers requirements and enhance customer satisfaction and there y retaining their loyalty towards the organization. TQM is a management philosophy that seeks to integrate all organizational functions (marketing, finance, design, engineering, and production, customer service, etc.) to focus on meeting customer needs and organizational objectives. (Hashmi, 2009, para.4). ISO 9000 is a group of standards which is mainly implemented in an organization to improve the overall efficiency and to effectively enable the maintenance of quality management system within the organization. In the earlier days, this was meant for only those organizations which were engaged in international trade. ISO 9000 can help a company satisfy its customers, meet regulatory requirements and achieve continual improvement. (ISO 9000 and other standards, n.d., para.4).   ISO 9000 series is composed of ISO 9000:2005, ISO 9001:2008, ISO 9004:2008 and ISO 9004:2009. There is a specific ISO standard for every industry. ISO/TS 20091 is a specific quality management system which includes the requirements related to design, production, development, installing and delivering the services related to the products that are manufactured by the petrochemical industry. Current scenario of global Petrochemical industries: As the name suggests petrochemicals are certain chemicals which are obtained from cracking of petroleum feedstock. These petrochemicals are mainly used in manufacturing fields. Petrochemical industry is considered to be one of the fast growing sectors in the world. It not only plays a crucial role in meeting the daily needs of the common man, but also contributes significantly towards industrial and economic growth of the nation (Introduction 2008). The petrochemical industry of today is an indispensable part of the manufacturing and consuming sectors (Analyzing the global petrochemical industry 2009). Quality is defined by international standards ISO 8402 as the totality of features and characteristics of a product or service that bear on its ability to satisfy stated or implied needs (Mariojouls n.d., p.1). As far as petrochemical industries are concerned, quality plays a significant role in the overall functioning. Recession is precipitating a long-term decline in the British petrochemicals industry, with producers cutting and consolidating capacity in 2009, according to BMIs latest UK Petrochemicals Report (United Kingdom Petrochemicals report Q1 2010 2009). Petrochemical industry being fastest growing industry with an estimate nearly US$2.4 trillion, there is an absolute necessity within the business to ensure and sustain customer satisfaction. Despite of many challenges from environment protection standards and high rate in crude oil prices, it is still maintaining higher rate in overall manufacturing segment. As per industry reports the pharmaceutical segment contributes approximately 26% of the total industry output and approx. 35-40% is dominated by the petrochemical segment (Global Scenario 2008). Commodity chemicals is said to be one of the largest segment in this industry with approximate turnover of $750 billion while fine chemicals constitute $500 billion. The major markets are widely spread all over the globe which include Japan, Western sides of Europe, North America and also Asia and Latin American countries. However, United States consumes almost one-fifth of the chemical production while Europe consumes only half of the sa id volume. In petrochemical industry the process of petrochemical production consists of two stages. In the first stage naphtha, produced by refining crude oil or natural gas is used as a feedstock and is cracked. Cracking (breaking of long chain of hydrocarbon molecule) produces olefins and aromatics. In stage two, these building blocks are polymerized (made to undergo chemical processes) to produce downstream petrochemical products (polymers, polyesters, fibre intermediaries and other industrial chemicals (Petrochemicals 2009). The nature of the petrochemical industry is cyclical. In case of petrochemical supply industries, Middle East region is considered to be very rich in oil fields and reserves and it has been developing newer complexes for petrochemicals. The huge capacity of these countries fulfills their domestic demand. In case of demand side it is Asia, particularly China that more and more demands are coming. These two factors changed the supply-demand scenario of global petrochemic al industries over the last two decades. The US petrochemical industry has remained volatile between up and down trends in the last few years and also present situation is no different. The US petrochemical industry has traveled through different phases in their life cycle from their initial phase till the present. The US petrochemical industry faces many slumps in their production because of high feedstock prices. The rising of feedstock prices has put the giant petrochemical industry of US on back foot over other main rivalries. Because of this investment reduced in the US petrochemical industry. This caused considerable unsteadiness in the market. The result was that US petrochemical was in a stagnated position and the future of the petrochemical industry in United States seems back. In the case of Middle East, petrochemical industries are accessing to cheap and copious feedstock and more overly they are producing larger quantities from their petrochemical industry. Besides large scale investment continues in the sector which results in favourable condition for Middle East countries. Apart from this, China being the country whose intake is quite large, the market is encouraging. Thus, Middle East did not worry about the market condition at all. Apart from this, rules, regulations and protocols present in this country are very simple which poses no problem in doing steady business. By 2015, it is said that Middle East countries will surpass the European countries in terms of ethylene capacity. The region is estimated to account for about 20% of world ethylene capacity, against 17% share of Europe (US petrochemical industry takes a backseat in global supply- demand 2003). Middle East is targeting China as their potential market where there is a huge demand for oil always exists. Middle East is expecting the demand of around nine percentages every year in China while comparing with other countries. Importance of TQM and ISO in petrochemical industries:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  TQM and ISO 9000 are two very important topics in connection to quality of a product. The idea of TQM is based on a transformation from the management process based on outcomes to a management process based on the improvement of quality. ISO 9000 is very important in determining the quality of a product. TQM is concerned with making sure that the company does the right thing and ISO 9000 deals with whether all the things are done right in the company. Researches had shown that TQM and ISO 9000 concepts are used in most of the petrochemical industries.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  TQM is important because it enhances the existing methods of business. It also improves the product and service quality which will be help in the existence of the product for a long time. TQM is now used not only in manufacturing activities but also it is used as a general management tool. Total quality management decides the level of quality of the things in the petrochemical industry. It determines the characteristics of a thing. The quality of the products in the industry will attract customers towards it. TQM is not only limited to product quality improvement but also widely cover aspects of quality in service sector too. TQM in India more than manufacturing, it is the service sector that took its time to recognize the importance of TQM (Managing quality in organization 2010). TQM is focused on improving the quality of products in the petrochemical industries. The companies can fully take actions to the customers hopes with the help of TQM.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  ISO 9000 standard determines the quality of a product.  Standards like  ISO  9000 are important for the success of any organization. Petrochemical organizations have recognized the importance of ISO 9000 certification for the growth of their business. The standard is important because of the benefit of it in marketing and sales, due to its value etc. ISO 9000 is important in the first instance because it gives organizations some guidance on how to manage for quality. Secondly, mechanisms exist by which an organization can be certified for conforming to ISO 9000 specifications (Rada 1994). Its characteristics are different from the other standards of engineering. In other words ISO 9000 is unique. These standards can help in the progress of the business processes of a company. It also helps to add value to the business. The sales of the industry can be increased by attaining ISO 9000 standards. It meets the requirements of the customer which leads to cust omer satisfaction. ISO 9000 helps the petrochemical industry to react to the needs of the customers in agreement with the standards and costs. The rules of ISO 9000 offer a complete model for the management of quality. It can make the petrochemical industries competitive. The motivation of the staffs can be improved with the help of ISO standards. It can encourage trade at the global level. It is also a method to add profits to the industry. The productivity of the industry is increased with the help of ISO 9000. The petrochemical industries can use it as a standard that will help to evaluate the effectiveness of its quality. A petrochemical industry with ISO 9000 can sell its products at an improved rate. It can claim that their products have been the outcome of a procedure that frequently examine for quality. ISO 9000 standard helps the petrochemical industries to attain the quality standards that are accepted all over the world.   Since the standard is accepted internationally, for the industries doing international business consider it as a reasonable option. It will also be a good option for customers who want products of international quality.  By using ISO 9000, industries can recognize the cause of the difficulties and hence discover a solution for it. A reliable supply chain can be produced using ISO 9000. The importance of TQM and ISO 9000 has encouraged the petrochemical industries to apply them in their business. Problem faced by Petrochemical industry: Quality plays a significant role in the development and success of any organization or product. UK is recognized as a core of the creation of petrochemical and other associated products of petrochemical. There is high demand for this product all over the world; so quality assurance and quality management are very important in petrochemical industry in order to exist in the global economy. There are many petrochemical industries in this country and millions of people are working in these industries. Even though this sector is the major source of economic growth, the industry is facing some problems regarding quality management and quality assurance. The main challenges faced by the petrochemical industry are the need to manage the commercial environment better and as a minimum to stop worsening the industrys inherent cyclicality the need for further restructuring in order to improve underlying performance and the need to improve relationships with the outside world because crucially these relationships increasingly will determine the scope for success in our industry (Grote, 2001, para.5). During the production process they are not fully utilizing the resources and they are not aware about the recycling of the waste products. The rate of manufacturing the petrochemical products is very high; so the wastage of resources is causing great loss of profit for them. The petrochemical industry like BP did not implement the latest technology and methods to improve the activities in the production procedure and to improve the performance of the workers. Due to lack of the latest technologies, they could not increase the quantity and quality of products and also could not provide the customers requirements properly. So, in order to overcome such problems, they introduced quality management techniques like TQM and ISO 9000 standard. The financial crisis for the past few years has affected the running of the petrochemical industries. Increase in the price of the resources decreased the production of these industries. Moreover as they are aware of recycling the waste resources there is vast wastage of the resources. The petrochemical products are used for a number of purposes therefore the lack of quality decreases the sale of their products. This has totally caused to the financial status of the petrochemical industries. The resources for the production of the petrochemicals products are not available in sufficient manner. The chemical plants are been abolished due to environmental contamination like pollution, smoke stacks etc. usage of the traditional methods in the production process decreased the quantity and quality of their products. It is taking more time for the production process as they are following the traditional methods. According to the invention of the latest technologies these organisations did n ot implemented the latest technologies in their business activities. Therefore they fail to reach with the other petrochemical industries in other nation. Proper training is not given to the employees to improve the performance of the employees moreover they are aware in handling the latest tools and techniques. The decrease in quantity of the petrochemical products does not accomplish the need of all the customers so this is affecting the whole reputation of these industries. Deficient in attaining the customer satisfaction of their products they are not able to compete with the petrochemical industries in other countries. For the achievement of success of any business there need a good relationship with the other countries in order to increase the sale of their product. But in the case of petrochemical industries this country is not keeping a good relationship with the outside world therefore the sale of their products has decreased. Implementation of TQM as a precursor to ISO 9000 and vice versa: The petrochemical industries are those involved in the manufacturing of toxic chemicals and organic compounds which can affect the people when not maintained properly. Quality assessment and quality standard implementation should be done from the start up of production to the final despatch of the product for customer satisfaction and for the maintenance of quality system. The petrochemical industry should also comply with the requirements of occupational health and safety management systems which deal with the precautions on health and environmental factors. This is applicable to all chemical industries. Implementation model: (Implement- from quality to organisational excellence, n.d., p.1). The implementation of quality factors starts with the vision and mission of the company, the vision are the future view of the company; the mission are the goals in terms of quality products, customer satisfaction and the profit which they want to achieve. The statements should be clear and spontaneous. CSF/KPI: The critical factors for successful implementation are the building blocks for the success and those identified factors that affect in the implementation by analyzing of the past data and the modification to be done in implementing the new standards. They identify the key performance indicators like the employees, resources like plant and machinery, innovation etc. Encouraging new ideas and technology, discarding obsolete ones etc contribute to the success in the implementation; they monitor the performance and report the progress and the feedback for the organizations well being. Core process: The core business processes are the profit rearing segments of the business and they consist of suppliers, process and the customers. The quality implementations create a major impact on the core process and the competitive advantage when the implementation of the TQM is done in the business process. Defining of the business opportunity: Quality implementation is done mainly for increasing the reputation of the company. The company must be against the acceptance of any kind of compromise in the product quality which affects the company and its reputation in the market. To make the situation at an ease and conducting a review to identify the particular need and the specification of the customer and the company and the analyzing whether the required standard is met or not, this becomes the method for getting a better business opportunity. The ISO 9000: This is an important tool for the implementation of TQM. This is a general name given to the list of quality standards. The main aim of these quality standards is to provide the company with the standard products and to make the company a profit oriented and highly reputed. The brainstorming of the ideas is given a good place for the implementation. They help in several ideas generated by the people and the product analysis and the performing of the functions according to the effectiveness of the customer satisfaction and the major role in the quality assessment criteria and to enhance the company position, reputation and profitability. Decision making by the management and the implementation to be done by the different standards and the performance of them are monitored continuously, and the demerits in the performance are identified and continuous improvement is done by providing adequate training and development. ISO 9000 series is a quality management system that has to be maintained in an organization. This means what the organization does to fulfil: the customers quality requirements, and applicable regulatory requirements, while aiming to enhance customer satisfaction, and achieve continual improvement of its performance in pursuit of these objectives (ISO 9000 and ISO14000 2010). The idea of improvement in implementing TQM by the companies is to have the accreditation, proper dealing with the customer for the certification for the business and exports to be done to other countries and also to increase the position and profit of the company. Advantages of implementing TQM as a precursor to ISO 9000 and vice versa: The ISO 9000 and TQM are two main subjects that are used to show the quality of an industry. Although fundamentally different TQM ensures organizations do the right thing, while ISO 9000 is about doing things right. (Exhibit: An introduction to ISO 9000 TQM, 1999, p.2). There are many advantages in implementing TQM as precursor to ISO 9000 and vice versa in petrochemical industries. These two topics have got a good exposure and encouragement. The petrochemical industries find it very important to obtain them. This has grown popularity due to its advantages. The ISO 9000 is considered as a quality model. The implementation of TQM creates a competitive advantage. The implementation will also improve the participation and dedication of the employees in the petrochemical industry. The employees work as a team for the implementation activities and thus cooperation increases. The implementation of TQM and ISO 9000 helps provide quality to the customers. It helps in meeting the needs of the customers. Assessing the quality can be done by quality standards like ISO 9000. It determines whether the work is done in an efficient way or not. Total quality management can be implemented through ISO 9000. Implementing ISO 9000 as a precursor can be of advantage to the implementation of TQM, because it will help increase the profit and thereby keep their regular customers. ISO 9000 can be used as a tool to TQM in petrochemical industries. ISO 9000 will help the process of production when the quality management process is at the starting stage. ISO 9000 has nowadays become a need for the petrochemical industries because it helps to improve productivity. It helps in organizing the process of production. It also helps in improving the performance of the company. The advantages can be listed as follows; It improves the productivity of the organization from top to bottom. It is s systematic and well structured approach that can be used for enhancing customer satisfaction. It is an improvement method by which the deviations can be reduced. It helps in delivering the product and services t the required quality expected by the customer. It helps in reducing a higher level of wastages.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Implementation of ISO 9000 offers a strong foundation for the efficient implementation of TQM. The implementing of ISO 9000 as a precursor of TQM helps to create an understanding of the requirements of the customers. It enhances the involvement of the employees in the TQM process. It increases the relationship with the suppliers. The profit of petrochemical can be increased by the implementing ISO 9000.  Ã‚   Disadvantages of implementing TQM as a precursor to ISO 9000 and vice versa: In petrochemical industries, ISO 9000 and TQM are the integral components of the successful running of every organization. When a petrochemical industry is considered there exist a lot of difficulties regarding the implementation of TQM as a precursor to ISO 9000 and vice versa. Petrochemical industry plays a major role for the economic growth of a country. Nowadays petrochemical products are used for several purposes of our day to day life. While implementing TQM as a precursor to ISO 9000, few problems arise in connection with customer satisfaction, because without the incorporation of TQM and ISO 9000 does not bring enough customer satisfaction. They consider that ISO 9000 certification is the main thing which shows the manufacturers ability to produce high quality products. Also implementation of TQM as a precursor to ISO causes difficulties for entering into international market because ISO 9000 certification is an integral component of petrochemical industry to enter an interna tional market. In order to get ISO 9000 systematic planning is necessary and it will help bring faith from the part of the customer and also to produce good quality products. ISO 9000 certification is the major thing which is used to compete with the international markets. Also, implementing TQM as a precursor to ISO 9000 will cause difficulties to maintain quality improvement. So, it is better to follow ISO 9000 standards before TQM in every organization. But, there exist few disadvantages also for this type of implementation. In order to achieve maximum profit from a business, the major thing is to fulfil the needs of the customer and TQM approach gives more consideration to customer satisfaction. So, by implementing ISO 9000 first will cause few problems regarding customer satisfaction. Even there is quality in the products for the satisfaction of the customer ISO 9000 and TQM certification is essential. It is better to implement ISO 9000 before TQM because in the newest version of ISO 9000 it includes several features of TQM. Therefore the implementation of TQM before ISO 900 is really wastage of time and money. There are some problems regarding the implementation of the TQM as the precursor to ISO 9000 and some of that problems are Initially higher cost of production as more is recognized as rejects. Cost of training personnel, cost of implementing stages of feedback for employees (Voters 2010). The implementation of this TQM standard requires more cost because there need to bring total changes in the organization such as for the training of the employees, implementation of the latest technologies etc. it is difficult to alter the practice of the longtime workers to the TQM procedures and ISO 9000 procedures. while the organization are running smoothly with their existing functional procedures as the customers demands for the ISO 9000 and TQM standard certification the company owners are forced to change to these standard procedures. Even though an organization maintains quality in their products and excellent workers the customer does not agree the quality without the certification of these standards. The petrochemical products are used for several purposes so the certification of ISO 9000 and TQM for every product seems to be very difficult because sometimes the assurance of the quality of a product requires much more money than the money required for the manufacturing of that product. There are also some difficulties in implementation the ISO 9000 as the precursor. To finish the procedures of ISO 9000 registration it takes several months. The 1996 Quality Systems Update survey indicated that it took businesses an average of 15 months to move from the early stages of the process to passage of the final audit, and that processes of 18-20 mo nths or even longer were not that uncommon (ISO 9000 2010). It is really wastage of time and effort to the business owners moreover wastage of time to other employees in the organization. Frequently companies will have a customer who demands that they be ISO 9000 certified to continue doing business. NOW the company has the choice of losing a customer or implementing ISO 9000. Either way money is lost in the short term (Nurre, Gunaman De- Almeida 2000, p.5). Conclusion and Recommendations: The concepts of TQM and ISO play a significant role in improving the quality management system within an organization. It is evident that the adoption of these two concepts has enabled the petrochemical industries to overcome all the problems they were facing before their implementation. The challenges faced by the petrochemical industries can be solved effectively by implementing these concepts. The issues related to the product or service quality must be handled by the experts in the organization. The overall performance of this sector can be improved by framing a standard for each activity that are carried out in an organization, so that the deviations occurring in each activity can be identified easily and appropriate measures can be taken in time.

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder and Veterans Essay -- Post-traumatic st

Military service members who are and have been deployed to the middle east show high levels of emotional distress and post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Both active duty and reserve component soldiers who have experienced combat have been exposed to high levels of traumatic stress. As a consequence, many have gone on to develop a wide range of mental health problems such as PTSD. â€Å"According to researchers, PTSD is a long-term reaction to war-zone exposure that can last up to a few minutes, hours, several weeks, and for some a lifetime.† Common symptoms include: emotional numbing, anxiety, feelings of guilt, and depression. If the disorder turns chronic veterans may experience functional impairment (Friedman, M. J. et al., 1994, p. 265).† PTSD is on of the most prevalent mental health disorders from veterans returning from Iraq and Afghanistan. In general, the younger veterans are the more likely they are to develop PTSD when deployed. Deployment related issues f rom veterans may have a devastating impact on their relationships back home. â€Å"Numerous research studies have linked PTSD to family relationship problems (Goff, Crow, Reisberg, & Hamilton, 2006).† PTSD is likely to be â€Å"the† contributor to relationship problems that are not related to deployments. Spouses or partners of veterans who are diagnosed with PTSD are at greater risk of hostility and aggression in their relationship than spouses whose veterans are not diagnosed. To combat this direction and effective coping skills have been shown to improve adjustment, stress management, and problem solving within a relationship. Family focused approaches bring down the psychological risk of developing PTSD and exploit constructive outcomes. Fundamental education is a method that... ... of the military have been related to stress. â€Å"[Both veterans and their spouses,] on average, valued Army service in general more than they valued the current mission in Iraq and Afghanistan (Allen, E. S. et al., 2011, p. 244).† Those that feel less enthusiastic about the military’s mission are more likely to experience greater stress. Male can be decreased if they obtain more rank, are financially stable, and are able to balance work and home related issued more efficiently. By comparison, spouses stress can be predicted by negative communication outcomes with their love one. In closing, I suggest psychologist researchers to review sampling methods being conducted on veterans because, in my opinion, there are a significant amount soldiers with PTSD are not known. I Also suggest that research not be limited to Caucasians but other groups to include minorities.

Ivy Rowes Ideas of the Past in Fair and Tender Ladies Essay -- Englis

Ivy Rowe's Ideas of the Past in Fair and Tender Ladies In Lee Smith's Fair and Tender Ladies, Ivy Rowe has a constant attachment to her past. This attachment is one of the main themes in the novel. It is one of her main reasons for letter writing and why she does some of the things that she does, because she does not want to lose her grip on her past. Ivy Rowe, in Lee Smith's Fair and Tender Ladies, uses letter writing to keep a hold of her grip on the past and where she came from. In Letters from Sugar Fork, Ivy writes for a number of reasons. She wants to see how and what other people are doing, wanting to improve her writing skills, asking for help from her grandfather at one point, in addition to just having some way to release all her thoughts and emotions. These letters, being a window into her mind, show us the progression of her as she grows. There is one letter in particular, which shows how important this correspondence is to her. "I hate you, you do not write back nor be my Pen Friend I think you are the Ice Queen instead. I do not have a Pen Friend or any friend in the world, I have only Silvaney who laghs and laghs and Beulah who is mad now all the time and Ethel who calls a spade a spadeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦I will not send this letter as I remain your hateful, Ivy Rowe."(Smith, 17) This letter shows just how important letter writing is to Ivy. As she is not able to receive correspondence from Hanneke she cannot fully express herself and has a hard time with her anger, as is evidence by the excerpt from her letter. Ivy also writes to Mrs. Brown about her experiences in Sugar Fork. She talks about how she shot a gun and is able to paint a vivid picture of the winter season. "Ice just shining on each and e... ...her last letter defines her life when she says "Slow down now, slow down now Ivy. This is the taste of spring. I never have slowed down." This shows her need to continue and persevere through all she has been through. Ivy as a character goes through a lot in her life and by writing these letters and expelling all her feelings and emotions onto the paper she was able to find a sort of peace with her existence. Bibliography: Henderson, Lara Beth A True Storyteller: Appalachia's own Lee Smith October 1, 2000, http://www.etsu.edu/haleyd/engl3134/ejournal/henderson.html Robbins, Dorothy Dodge "Personal and Cultural Transformation: Letter Writing in Lee Smith's 'Fair and Tender Ladies'" Critique: Studies in Contemporary Fiction (Winter 1997, Volume 38 n.2): p. 135 Hill, Dorothy Combs "An Interview with Lee Smith" The Southern Quarterly 28.2(1990):5-19

Lisa Harvey-Smith on the Ska Mega-Telescope

Lisa Harvey-Smith on the SKA Mega-Telescope – Multiple Choice Questions 1. With current scientific technology, it is concluded that __% of our known matter is Baryonic matter, __% is Dark Matter, while __% is Dark Energy. A. 33, 27, 40 B. 7, 23, 70 C. 4, 23, 73 D. 9, 25, 66 2. Also called the National Astronomy and Ionosphere Center, the Arecibo Observatory is the world’s largest single-aperture radio telescope. It is located in ______. A. Mexico B. Iceland C. Jamaica D. Puerto Rico 3. The first picture ever made was an oval shaped depiction of the early universe, specifically the cosmic microwave background radiation.The intense blue, green, yellow and red hues depict ______. A. Fluctuations in temperature B. Infrared satellite data C. Sound waves D. Large concentrations of dark energy 4. The world’s first smart radio telescope received radio waves from the ______, then received the same signals bounced off the sea. This was helpful to create fine pinpoint pictu res of radio sources outside of our own galaxy. A. Horizon B. Mountains C. Atmosphere D. Glaciers 5. The world’s largest optical telescope is located on a mountain in the Canary Islands.Capable of making exquisitely detailed pictures of the sky, this particular telescope has a massive mirror ofjust over __ meters across. A. 6 B. 8 C. 10 D. 12 6. The Australian telescope compacting ray, composed of 6 radio telescopes took over ____ hours of observing and a 400 image mosaic to create a solid picture of the universe. A. 120 B. 1200 C. 12000 D. 120000 7. Within the early 1900’s, Albert Einstein concluded that space and time actually bends around certain objects with gravitational pull and mass. This can be visualized by the comparison of ______ . A. A puck hitting a net and the net bending to accommodate the force B.The stretch of rubber band and the snapping affect C. The return of a boomerang D. The bending of metal as it is heated 8. The Hubble Telescope is a small tele scope, but it is effective for developing clear images because there are no _____ distortions, in comparison to on-earth telescopes. A. Ultra-Violet B. Photon C. Bird and wildlife D. Atmospheric 9. Scientists won the Noble prize for discovering that the Universe is expanding at a rate much faster than previously anticipated. There are several names used to describe this expansion effect, but the most accepted is ______. A. Quintessence B. Vacuum Energy C.Cosmological Constant D. Dark Energy 10. There are several problems with developing new Radio Telescopes, one of these challenges is overcoming interference and finding a location without human activity. However, a place without human activity is also problematic because ___________. A. The location is too far for scientists and astronomers to commute B. There are no large power stations to generate the electricity required to operate telescopes C. With such a great distance from civilization, it will take a long time to transmit in formation D. Emergency teams will not be able to make it in time in the case of an emergency