A Child Called It By Dave Pelzer Essay - 1573 Words

Introduction A Child Called â€Å"It† is a powerful book written by Dave Pelzer about his childhood and the hardships he encountered with his family, peers, and community. Middle childhood can be a life altering point in a young child’s life, which many theorist have studied over the years. This paper will review a few of those theorist thoughts, and how their theories apply to young David’s childhood. The theorist work that will be covered will be Bronfenbrenner and his ecological systems model, Piaget’s theory of development, and lastly Kohlberg’s theory of moral reasoning. It is important to understand what was going through David’s mind as he dealt with this trauma and how he was able to survive it. Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological System Model According to Feldman (2015) Urie Bronfenbrenner took more of a biological look at human development, using a system that gave five levels of environment which one is influenced by during the developmental period (The Biological Approach to Development, para 1). We will be looking at the mesosystem, exosystem, and macrosystem levels to see how David suffered or benefited because of these systems. As Feldman (2015) explains the mesosystem is where the connection between parent and child, or student and teacher influence each other and the relationship between the two people (The Biological Approach to Development, para 3). David encountered many situation where this system may have hurt and helped him. One example would be when he had aShow MoreRelatedA Child Called It By Dave Pelzer970 Words   |  4 PagesDave Pelzer’s book, â€Å"A Child Called It† (1995), chronicled the unforgettable accounts of one of the most severe c hild abuse cases in California’s history. The book is an intriguing, yet intimidating journey through the torturing childhood of the author, himself. The child, Dave Pelzer ¸ was emotionally and physically tormented by his unstable mother. He was the victim of abuse in his own home, a source of ridicule at his own school, and stripped of all existence. This book left me in suspense as IRead MoreDave Pelzer - a Child Called It2120 Words   |  9 PagesThere is much to admire about Dave Pelzer. He proudly served his country during Desert Storm, and has received commendations from Presidents Reagan, Bush the First, and Clinton for his work as a motivational speaker. His other honors include being named Californias Volunteer of the Year in 1990, one of 1993s Ten Outstanding Young Americans, and one of the Outstanding Young Persons of the World for 1994. In addition, he is a best-selling author and a loving husband and father. Thats a lofty setRead MoreA Child Called It By Dave Pelzer Essay1279 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction The novel A Child Called â€Å"It† by Dave Pelzer is about his abusive childhood at the hands of his own mother. Pelzer recounts his horrible childhood through his own point of view. He goes through how his once nurturing mother changed into a vicious tormentor and how he became a â€Å"prisoner of war† within his own home. David is exiled from his own family and dehumanized by his mother to the point that she refers to him as â€Å"It† rather than her son. However, his astounding will to not letRead MoreA Child Called It . Dave Pelzer Is the Survivor1608 Words   |  7 PagesA Child Called It. Dave Pelzer is the survivor of the third worst case of child abuse in California s history. Dave grew up with his two brothers and two parents. Catherine, Dave s mother, loved to cook exotic meals for her family and decorate their home in creative and imaginative ways each holiday season. She was full of energy, often taking her kids on tours of downtown San Francisco while her husband was at work as a fire fighter, exposing them to Golden Gate Park and Chinatown. Once,Read MoreA Child Called It By Dave Pelzer2639 Words   |  11 PagesIn the novel A Child Called It, the author Dave Pelzer discussed his courage to survive while growing up in his household. The family was living the perfect traditional western family life. During the early years, the family does things together and the mother was always happy to prepare special meals, outings, and surprises for her family. When the father was working, the mother would take Dave and his brothers on special outings. The family would g o on vacations which were fun and memorable forRead MoreA Child Called It By Dave Pelzer1950 Words   |  8 PagesThe Book A Child Called â€Å"It† written by Dave Pelzer who survived one of the most severe child abuse cases in history. He wrote about his life from the beginning when family life was good, and throughout the abusive years, until he was finally rescued. Before kindergarten Dave remembers his life being happy. He stated in the book that, â€Å"My family was the Brady Bunch of the 1960s. My two brothers and I were blessed with the perfect parents. Our every whim was fulfilled with love and care. ButRead MoreA Child Called It By Dave Pelzer1845 Words   |  8 Pagesdescribed within the book A Child Called â€Å"It† written by Dave Pelzer. Although there is an overabundance of examples of abuse, neglect and maltreatment given in this book, the support listed is narrowed down to give the best samples of why a reader may feel these specific situations occ urred. Each segment will be discussed and explained fully so that the reader is able to grasp why each specific reference was selected. III. Family Experiences In the beginning of the text Dave speaks about his mom, heRead More A Child Called It by Dave Pelzer Essay699 Words   |  3 Pages The book I read is called A Child Called It. It is written by Dave Pelzer. The theme of this book is to keep hope alive. You should have faith and dreams to have something to look forward to in your future especially when you feel you can’t go on any more. Like Dave, he felt trapped as if he was never going to be free. He used his dreams and illusions every time he was hurting to help him get away from the pain. This is what kept this little boy alive. He had something to reach for and neverRead MoreAnalysis Of A Child Called It By Dave Pelzer1112 Words   |  5 PagesThe Strength to Survive After reading the book, â€Å"A Child Called It† by Dave Pelzer, I will say this a melancholic book that depicts the true child abuse that Pelzer suffered in the hands of his mother. This book describes his horrifying experiences in child abuse and I would greatly recommend reading it. The book is fabulous and once you start reading it you will not want to put it down. Pelzer touches on the cruel abused faced by his mother and his deep willingness to survive and try to get aheadRead MoreIntroduction Of A Child Called It By Dave Pelzer2091 Words   |  9 PagesMrs. Wallace English 12-5 24 March 2015 Introduction When I was in middle school, we read A Child Called â€Å"It† by Dave Pelzer in my English class. I remember crying and wondering â€Å"How could someone you love and who is supposed to love you hurt you so bad?† I also remember thinking that there was no way this was really a serious issue. I didn’t think it really happened all that much, especially if the child never did anything wrong. I quickly realized this wasn’t the case. I had never been so shocked

Abortion The United States - 1704 Words

Rebecca Mejia Molly Gum Senior English 24 March, 2017 Research Paper : Abortion During the 7th century, the Catholic Church premeditated that the act of oral sex was a far more worse sin than getting an abortion. Roe V. Wade was the 1973 US Supreme court case that made abortion legal in the United States. Abortion should be the woman’s choice. The US supreme court has declared abortion to be a fundamental right that is guaranteed by the US Constitution. Reproductive rights also give women a sense of empowerment, as they are in control of their bodies. Concluding with these, death and injury rates to women have decreased a significant amount as now abortions are easier to obtain and the procedures are far more safer. During the†¦show more content†¦The â€Å"rape† incident failed, as there was no police documentation made by McCorvey beforehand. The following year of 1970, Roe V. Wade had came to see an appeal because of the U.S. Supreme court. In the case of Griswold V. Connecticut, the Supreme court ruled out the right of privacy to couples (married, specifically). And it restricted that of trying to prohibit married couples from using any forms of birth control. This has had a major impact on Roe V. Wade because it is all about terminating pregnancies, and although forms of birth control are not always guaranteed, they do help limit those pregnancies from happening initially. The issue of abortion has always been very controversial. Most women conflict with their morals, when considering an abortion and in the fear of judgment (especially before Roe V. Wade) they would go about it illegally. The infamous coat hanger was a symbol of abortions prior to the ruling of Roe V. Wade. Women would un wrap a metal coat hanger and place it in their cervix in hopes of stabbing the fetus and thus performing their own abortions, however getting it back out was even more dangerous and they would end up causing internal bleeding from stabbing their own organs or other medical issues. For the better, since this those who have passed due to abortion-related situations have significantly decreasedShow MoreRelatedThe Issue Of Abortion On The United States Essay1280 Words   |  6 Pagespaper is the issue of Abortion, My thesis in this paper is to analyze the history of abortion in the United States prior to the Roe vs. Wade decision and afterwards, and to demonstrate the ways in which our two major political parties’ views on this issue have shifted over time along with the public’s view on the issue. Abortion has been practiced for most of human history. The ancient Greeks and Romans practiced it, although not all ancient thinkers had the same views on abortion. Ancient Greek â€Å"fatherRead MoreAbortion Should Go Back to Being Illegal in the United States1239 Words   |  5 Pagesthan 30 years, the United States has been separated over the issue of abortion. Abortion is the deliberate killing of the most innocent nature among us, babies whom are not yet born. In 1973, abortion was legalized in the United States via the famous court case of Roe vs Wade. Roe was a single and pregnant woman who was fighting the state of Texas where the law stated she was not allowed to get an abortion. Roe won the case and abortion was legalized. Even though millions of abortions have been performedRead MoreAbortion in the United States1518 Words   |  7 PagesAbortion in the United States The United States Government should illegalize abortion for many different reasons including, a potential life has ended before given a chance remains evidence enough for most people to understand why a person should never have a choice of whether a baby lives or dies. Studies also show that mothers who choose abortion have a higher health risk rate after the abortion and also have more psychological problems after the abortion as well. Not only is it proven thatRead MoreThe Abortion Of The United States1031 Words   |  5 PagesFacing Abortion in the United States Abortion is a common debated topic in the United States. It is becoming commonplace in our society. Terminating an unwanted pregnancy is a difficult choice that many women have faced throughout the years. Through out this paper, reasons for abortion, women, underage girls, parental laws, emotions, and the procedures of terminating a pregnancy will be discussed. While there is still more research being done, it is said that abortion can have both negative andRead MoreAbortion And The United States1266 Words   |  6 PagesIn the United States the abortion has become a big deal in American political landscape. Also is very sadly because is consider it moral issues rather than personal rights or civil liberties. This issue has much both sides of political fence but many do not consider it. But me myself I opposed to abortion, especially abortion on demand and welcome the government’s protection of the unborn. Also other issues are involved in abortion debate, but this issue of personal is freedom already mentionedRead MoreAbortion And The United States1704 Words   |  7 Pages1973, abortion has been considered â€Å"legal† in the United States. But, just because abortion is legal, does that automatically justify it as moral? The Bible never clearly states â€Å"though shall not abort your children.† On the other hand, Exodus 20:13, states â€Å"though shall not murder.† Not only does Exodus speak of prohibiting murder, Genesis 9:3, states that â€Å"whoever sheds man’s blood, by man his blood shall be shed, for in the image of God He made man.† According to AbortionFacts.com, abortion becameRead MoreAbortion in the United States3416 Words   |  14 Pages The issue of abortion is notoriously controversial. Since the Supreme Court’s 1992 ruling in Casey v. Planned Parenthood, states have enacted different restrictions on the procedure. These restrictions vary from state to state. Nineteen states currently have laws prohibiting partial-birth abortion, and forty-one states strictly prohibit abortions except in cases of life-endangerment. One particularly incendiary area of abortion law is that of public funding. However, as of this year thereRead MoreAbortion And Its Effects On The United States Essay1648 Words   |  7 PagesIn the United States â€Å"1.7% of women aged 15–44 have an abortion† (â€Å"Induced Abortion in the United States†). Twenty-one percent of all pregnancies end in abortion (â€Å"Induced Abortion in the United States†). Women most commonly have abortions before the end of her first trimester, twelve weeks into the pregnancy, however, abortions may also be performed after the first trimester. Abortions are quite common, but they also lead to numerous issues for the parents such as regret, depression, drug abuseRead MoreThe Issue Of Abortion On The United States1606 Words   |  7 Pagespregnancies among American woman are unintended, and about seven out of ten of these 500,000 unintended pregnancies are terminated by abortion each year in America. In today’s modern American culture, many consider an unborn fetus a non-life form; however, an unborn fetus possesses many, if not all, characteristics of life. The issue of abortion in the United States has been one that has courted controversy and created a public, ethical, and moral division in our American society and culture. DifferentRead MoreAbortion in the United States Essay1748 Words   |  7 PagesWhat is abortion? According to the Oxford English Dictionary, â€Å"Abortion: the premature expulsion of a [foetus] from the womb; an operation to cause this.† Abortion has been a controversial topic for many years. Some people favor adoption and some are against it. â€Å"In 2008 an estimated 1.21 million abortions were performed in the Unites States.†(Jones, and Kooistra). Many opinions collaborate in abortions rights or abortion legislation. â€Å"In 2008, 84,610 women obtained abortions in Texas, producing

Analysis of Contemporary Nursing Practice â€Sample Assignment

Question: Discuss the impact of 1 key theory / Philosophical idea / world event on the development and establishment of this idea ( or practice) within the nursing profession? Answer: In this paper infection control is an issue selected from a nursing care context. The practice or profession of offering care for the infirm and sick individuals is known as nursing. Nursing practice involves promotion, optimization and protection of individual abilities and health, injury and illness prevention, improvement of suffering through diagnosis and management of support and human response in care of populations, communities, families and individuals (Bain Weese, 2004). Nursing care focuses very much on patients safety. In terms of safety, infection control is of utmost important. A healthy work surrounding is one, which is safe, satisfying and empowering. It is not simply the absence of perceived and real health threats, but a situation of mental, physical and societal well being, stated by the World Health Organization. A safety culture is paramount, where all the health care personnel, managers and leaders and nursing aides have accountability as part of client centered team to work with a professionalism sense, responsibility, involvement, transparency, effectiveness and efficacy (Howard, 2012). All the health care personnel need to be careful about safety and health for both health care professional as well as the care consumer in any care set up, offering a safety sense, healthcare, empowerment and respect to each and every individual. One key nursing theory that can be discussed here for the development and establishment of this issue is evidence based nursing practice. Evidence based nursing practice consists remarkable control on existing and upcoming expert nursing practice (Mabbott, 2011). Consequently, evidence based nursing making it a vital element of nursing educational process. Evidence based nursing is considered as critical factor to nursing occupation and also considered as important component for maintaining developments, which sustain most favorable nursing care (Green, 2006). Nursing professionals utilize research to provide evidence based care that promotes important health associated outcomes for families, communities, healthcare set ups and individuals (Oermann, 2011). The care personnel utilize research to structure health guidelines within an organization at federal, local and state levels. Care personnel carry out research; apply research studies in practice and educate about research. Nursing skill is a strong requirement to structuring clinical expertise (Falzer Garman, 2012). Education to create well structured scientific decisions is reliant on experiential learning where individual can disconfirm, challenge and refine various expectations. Improvement is required for setting up trustworthiness important in clinical leadership provision. Nursing research has also established association with advanced nursing practice with the experiences of the nurses (Polit Beck, 2008). To make the care personnel efficient in negotiating and initiating improvements, they should be positioned in managerial circumstances, which provide them authority and power to have an effect on change. The strength and the basis of advanced practice related to nursing responsibility lies in clinical expertise. Researchers and educators should be placed in view of the clinical practice primacy. The elements of evidence based nursing practice include clinical expertise, patient preferences and morals and finest research evidences (Twycross, 2011). It is apparent that health care professionals are interested to execute efficient nursing researches for the care of the patients, but these are not that fruitful. Evidence based practices encompass different types of evidences, for example: reviews, research findings, integration of research evidences and theories for the betterment of the patients health (Williamson, Jenkinson Proctor-Childs, 2008). Presently, this practice has been put in health care set up to improve an important and vibrant strength within disciplinary life of the healthcare personnel. Nurses are sometimes failed to understand the prospective for applying research conclusions as the source for making decisions and flourishing nursing interventions (Fawcett Fawcett, 2005). Hence, researchers and discussions are still in place to overcome execution barriers of proof based nursing performances. History and evolution Prior to the advancement of the concept of infection control, the single situations which brought the clients near death necessitated the possibility of surgical involvement. If a client survived a surgical procedure, infection was expected and subsequently death by devastating sepsis was very common (Goldstein, 2011). During the late 19th century along with the Germ theory development by the scientist Louis Pasteur and the subsequent applications of this theory to surgical sterility by the scientist Joseph Lister, doctors were capable of performing operations with consequently lesser infection risk (Kurzen, 2005). In turn the surgeons became more self-assured and started to investigate more profligate processes comprising elective surgeries within cranial vault. In the 20th century as the scientific acquaintance expanded, advancement of infection control along with the application of antibiotic drugs, microbial barriers and instrument sterilization have also been improved. Advancements in hemostasis, anesthesia, and infection control and localization techniques have reduced the chances related with surgeries in the late 19th century (Martin Thompson, 2000). Yet after the improvement of tumor localization, doctors approached sanctuary of mind with fear of deadly problems. Infection was considered as the main contributor to mortality and morbidity rates, taking place after almost all the surgeries and taking away the lives of approximately half of all the surgical patients (Winchcombe, 2000). Subsequently, the surgeries were attempted only as the last option. The execution of Germ theory to healing wounds altered the surgical practice and set the arena for the improvement of brain tumor operation. It is believed that historically Hippocrates may have been the first person to suggest suppuration idea, declaring that the pus formation was not any natural component during the healing process and this need to be avoided (Newsom, 2004). His advice for treating wounds was parallel to Sumerians, who believed cleansing wounds with wine, applying bandage and then drenched the bandage with wine. The initiation and infection transmissibility were proved indefinable to science prior the 19th century. The scientist Hieronymus Fracastorius postulated that the source of infectious diseases was from living seeds that are invisible (Wright, 2014). He has given the three disease spreading modes: direct contact, indirect contact and airborne transmission. Ambroise Pare is considered as the father of contemporary surgery. According to him, infection was initiated from the surroundings and subsequently the concept of the importance of sterile environment in disease transmission prevention has also been evolved. Prior, surgeries were performed with very little consideration of a germ-free environment. Doctors were not that conscious about hand sterilization and patients wounds were touched directly by the surgeons (Bergstrom, 2008). Often, viewers were permitted to take a note from the patients conditions for educational reasons. The medical and surgical instruments were not sterilized and wiped perfectly, kept back to the velvet carriers and used again (Staniszewska, Thomas Seers, 2013). Sometimes it also happened that the sharp edge instruments poked into the surgeons boot. The surgical wards floor was kept untidy with pus, urine, blood or other biological waste materials, which is the most important reason of spreading infection within the hospitals. Subsequently, infection became the main reason for death, with almost 80% of surgeries infected by hospital gangrene and almost about 50% death rate (Cdc.gov, 2015). All unnecessary furniture was shifted from patients room and the carpets were changed. The room ceilings and walls were cleaned prior to the surgical procedure and remaining furnishings were scrubbed with carbolic solution. The solution used to spray prior to the surgical procedure but not during the operation. During the surgery day, patients head was scrubbed, shaved with water and soap and ether and then covered with sublimate dressing during operation, and then ether washings were repeated (Rezaei-Adaryani, Salsali Mohammadi, 2012). The operational instruments were boiled in water for almost 2hours and sponges were cleaned with carbolic solutions prior usage. The doctors hands were washed and disinfected by water and soap, sublimate solutions and alcohol (Zyblock, 2010). Thus, slowly heat sterilization process got introduced, that proved finer than chemical sterilization. Subsequently, sterile caps, gowns and surgical masks ere also introduced. The concept of rubber gloves has a lso been introduced to protect the hands of the nurses from sublimate solutions. Slowly the concept has become universally accepted. Therefore, it can be said that in contemporary nursing practice the theory of evidence based nursing is very much crucial and strongly correlated with the issues of infection control. Literature review Currently, infection control is considered as the discipline associated with preventing healthcare related infections or nosocomial infection (Kaye, 2011). This is a practical sub-discipline of community health (Ruef, 2000). Though it is a vital portion but often left unrecognized within the infrastructure of healthcare set up. Infection control deals with factors associated with transmission of infections within healthcare set up (Breathnach, 2013). The spread could be from patients to staff or from patient to patient or from the nursing staff to patient. Therefore, to concentrate on this sever matter evidence based nursing practice is very much important. Health care professionals can learn better from experience. Previous literature searches have support the concept of infection control within clinical set up. Various researchers have focused on the mechanism of disease transmission, intensity of the transmission, causative agents and prevention of infections. Scientist Shojania et al. (2001) have critically analyzed patient safety practices to make the healthcare safer (Shojania, Duncan, McDonald, Wachter Markowitz, 2001). Their aim was to gather and critically review the already existing evidences o nursing practices pertinent to developing the safety of the patients. The practices associated with patient safety have been associated with those which diminish the possibility of adverse incidents associated with exposure to medical treatment across diverse conditions. They have performed literature review in order to set their research criteria. Their research was focused on hospitalized patients. They have reviewed literature from MEDLINE, INSPEC, ABI/INFORM databases. They have concluded that a proof based approach can assist indentify the practices which are about to develop patient safety. Such performances target a varied collection of safety issues. Therefore, from this review it can be obviously said that with the help of evidence based practices, the healthcare personnel have collected information regarding infection control within the health care set up. The healthcare professionals are participating in different disciplines of nursing practices and they become familiar with different knowledge that is completely from their personal experiences. This also helps them to update their current knowledge in contemporary nursing practice. Bookish knowledge never provides sufficient information which personnel can acquire from his/her professional experience. There is no initiation or end point where personnel can identify the entry or elimination of infection. Hence, they need to be careful enough in each and every step of patient care delivery in order to promote patient safety and avoid infection transmission within the healthcare set up. Infection transmission not only affects the health of the patients but it is also considered as a financial burden on healthcare organizations. Scientist Riley et al. (2015) have mentioned that contamination control is a main concern for the hospitals to diminish the health care associated infection transmissions (Riley, Laird Williams, 2015). Uniforms are especially the possible path of health care associated infection transmission. Protocols are present to make sure that the hospital laundry facilities meet set standards, nevertheless, uniforms are laundered by care personnel at residences and discrepancies in practice take place. The researchers have applied survey questionnaire to carry out service evaluation in four different hospitals to evaluate how strongly health care personnel followed the guidelines set by the hospitals on laundering and aftercare of hospital uniforms at residences. The survey answers have demonstrated that not all the staff acted in accordance with the hospital guidelines and almost 44% of staffs rinsed their uniforms much below the set temperature (60c) that presents potential way for infection and cross contamination. It is a serious matter of concern that the bacteria are becoming resistant to different antibiotics. This presents more complication in the context of infection control. This can be illustrated with an example. Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is resistant to different antibiotics and most infections are related with skin (Cdc.gov, 2015). In medical services, MRSA causes deadly blood stream infections, surgical site infections and pneumonia. Scientist Lau et al. (2014) have illustrated on risk aspects of infections associated with surgical site (Lau, Neo Lee, 2014). Their research aimed to demonstrate the risk aspects in aged patients who had his surgery after a fracture. Their results have shown that patients who stayed in the hospital for more than a week had statistically significant higher surgical site infection rate. The presence of infection was related with increased period of hospital stay. They have mentioned that the two most important microbes detected were Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus, responsible for almost 26.3% and 50.9% of surgical site infection, respectively. Scientist Landelle et al. (2014) have assessed the function of disease control measures in diminishing the load of resistance in intensive care units, eliminating antibiotic stewardship plans. Justification The knowledge depend on the consequence of improved hand hygiene acquiescence in diminishing the load of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus in intensive care units has been developed. They have funded that universal decolonization with chlorhexidine washing was related with noticeable decrease in multi-drug resistant organism pervasiveness, but attention for chlorhexidine resistance is needed (Gayet-Ageron et al., 2015). An important decrease of resistance for gram negative bacilli has also been illustrated with the application of selective decontamination. But the researchers have also encouraged for further research in order to establish the long term benefits or risk ratios. They have concluded that different infection control measures have the capacity to reduce the load of antimicrobial resistance (Young, Lye, Krishnan, Chan Leo, 2014). Significant progress, for example: decolonization has been made, recognizing involvements effectual in avoiding multi-drug resistance organisms transmissions in intensive care units. Nevertheless, they have failed to exactly determine the relative significance of various infection control measures. Hence, any approach should eventually be adapted to the confined epidemiology f targeted intensive care unit. Evidence based practices are not implemented always in patient care service and dissimilarity in nursing practices proliferate. Conventionally, research on patient safety has concentrated on the analysis of data to recognize the safety issues associated with clients and to identify that an innovative practice will guide to modified patient safety and quality. Much less attention in research has been given to the ways to integrate practices. Yet, implementing those in practices what is learnt from nursing research is very much helpful. Integration of these safety practices are complicated indeed, and require strategies which deal with complicatedness of care systems, senior leadership, individual practitioners and ultimately altering cultures related to health care to create evidence based safety practice set up. In conclusion, it is justified to mention that this article provides the readers with an opportunity to think of infection control; inquire into the past of this issue with the help of literature review and how the concept of evidence based nursing practice can be correlated with infection control issue. This assignment will also help the readers to become familiar with literature and develop a plan, implement searches and create a precise literature review to support the explanations. References Bain, F., Weese, J. (2004).Infection control. Philadelphia: Saunders. Bergstrom, N. (2008). The gap between discovery and practice implementation in evidence-based practice.International Journal Of Evidence-Based Healthcare,6(2), 135-136. doi:10.1097/01258363-200806000-00001 Breathnach, A. (2013). Nosocomial infections andinfection control.Medicine,41(11), 649-653. doi:10.1016/j.mpmed.2013.08.010 Cdc.gov,. (2015).Data and Statistics | HAI | CDC. Retrieved 22 February 2015, from https://www.cdc.gov/HAI/surveillance/ Cdc.gov,. (2015).Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) Infections | CDC. Retrieved 22 February 2015, from https://www.cdc.gov/mrsa/ Falzer, P., Garman, D. (2012). Evidence-Based Decision-Making as a Practice-Based Learning Skill: A Pilot Study.Academic Psychiatry,36(2). doi:10.1176/appi.ap.10050082 Fawcett, J., Fawcett, J. (2005).Contemporary nursing knowledge. Philadelphia: F.A. Davis Co. Gayet-Ageron, A., Iten, A., van Delden, C., Farquet, N., Masouridi-Levrat, S., Von Dach, E. et al. (2015). In-Hospital Transfer Is a Risk Factor for Invasive Filamentous Fungal Infection among Hospitalized Patients with Hematological Malignancies: A Matched Case-Control Study.Infection Control Hospital Epidemiology,36(03), 320-328. doi:10.1017/ice.2014.69 Goldstein, N. (2011).Germ theory. New York: Chelsea House. Green, M. (2006). Evaluating evidence-based practice performance.Evidence-Based Medicine,11(4), 99-101. doi:10.1136/ebm.11.4.99 Howard, T. (2012). Increasing Nurses' Hand Hygiene Adherence in Acute Care Settings.American Journal Of Infection Control,40(5), e152. doi:10.1016/j.ajic.2012.04.271 Kaye, K. (2011).Infection prevention and control in the hospital. Philadelphia: Saunders. Kurzen, C. (2005).Contemporary practical/vocational nursing. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams Wilkins. Lau, A., Neo, G., Lee, H. (2014). Risk factors of surgical site infections in hip hemiarthroplasty: a single-institution experience over nine years.Singapore Medical Journal,55(10), 535-538. doi:10.11622/smedj.2014137 Mabbott, I. (2011). Nursing Evidence-Based Practice SkillsNursing Evidence-Based Practice Skills.Nursing Standard,25(33), 30-30. doi:10.7748/ns2011.04.25.33.30.b1194 Martin, C., Thompson, D. (2000).Design and analysis of clinical nursing research studies. London: Routledge. Newsom, B. (2004). Disease And History (2nd Edition) Frederick Cartright, Michael Biddiss.British Journal Of Infection Control,5(6), 34-34. doi:10.1177/14690446040050060801 Oermann, M. (2011). Toward Evidence-Based Nursing Education: Deliberate Practice and Motor Skill Learning.Journal Of Nursing Education,50(2), 63-64. doi:10.3928/01484834-20110120-01 Polit, D., Beck, C. (2008).Nursing research. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/lippincott Williams Wilkins. Rezaei-Adaryani, M., Salsali, M., Mohammadi, E. (2012). Nursing image: an evolutionary concept analysis.Contemporary Nurse, 2725-2756. doi:10.5172/conu.2012.2725 Riley, K., Laird, K., Williams, J. (2015). Washing uniforms at home: adherence to hospital policy.Nursing Standard,29(25), 37-43. doi:10.7748/ns.29.25.37.e9268 Ruef, C. (2000). Nosocomial Infections - Multiple Fields of Activity.Infection,28(6), 339-340. doi:10.1007/s150100070001 Shojania, K., Duncan, B., McDonald, K., Wachter, R., Markowitz, A. (2001). Making health care safer: a critical analysis of patient safety practices.Evid Rep Technol Assess,43(i-x), 1-668. Staniszewska, S., Thomas, V., Seers, K. (2013). Patient and public involvement in the implementation of evidence into practice.Evidence-Based Nursing,16(4), 97-97. doi:10.1136/eb-2013-101510 Twycross, A. (2011). Using research findings in nursing practice.Evidence-Based Nursing,14(3), 63-63. doi:10.1136/ebn1170 Williamson, G., Jenkinson, T., Proctor-Childs, T. (2008).Nursing in contemporary healthcare practice. Exeter [England]: Learning Matters. Winchcombe, J. (2000). Competency standards in the context of infection control.American Journal Of Infection Control,28(3), 228-232. doi:10.1067/mic.2000.101630 Wright, D. (2014). Infection control throughout history.The Lancet Infectious Diseases,14(4), 280. doi:10.1016/s1473-3099(14)70726-1 Young, B., Lye, D., Krishnan, P., Chan, S., Leo, Y. (2014). A prospective observational study of the prevalence and risk factors for colonization by antibiotic resistant bacteria in patients at admission to hospital in Singapore.BMC Infect Dis,14(1), 298. doi:10.1186/1471-2334-14-298 Zyblock, D. (2010). Nursing Presence in Contemporary Nursing Practice.Nursing Forum,45(2), 120-124. doi:10.1111/j.1744-6198.2010.00173.x

The Relation Between Dropout Rates and School-Level Academic Achievement free essay sample

Dropout is a student who leaves a specific level of education system without achieving the first qualification. A number of dropout students are increasing high school dropouts has risen, reaching 4.8 million or an 11 percent increase since 2012, according to a senior administration lawmaker. (QC. Rep. Alfred Vargas. 2017). Vargas’ House Bill 1825 cited DepEd statistics showing the â€Å"rising dropout rate† among high school students. School dropouts have a serious negative impact on the societies. Early dropout from the education system leading to low qualification and most often to unemployment and other social problems is the cause of an increasing education divide in many countries. Often this divides further distances various social, cultural or ethnic groups within a society. Children who are from poor families, live in rural areas, or are from ethnic and linguistic minorities are less likely to attend school. Girls’ education is strongly associated with the better welfare of the individual, family, and society level. We will write a custom essay sample on The Relation Between Dropout Rates and School-Level Academic Achievement or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Educated mothers are more likely to send their children to school, thus breaking the cycle of poverty. The quality of learning is and must beat the heart of Education for All. Many young people make decisions in their early years that can affect not only their personal welfare but also their societies as a whole. Some students fail to complete school and may become marginalized, unemployed, or otherwise underprivileged instead of becoming productive members of society. High school dropouts are both an individual (and family) problem as well as a national one. It is individual problem because most (not all) do make considerably less money than graduates. It is a national problem not so much because of lost tax revenue but because we have had a tremendous waste of human resources. Why do students drop out of high school? Their reasons are many. Some are personal, such as pregnancy or the need to help support their families.The dreams of these young dropouts are said to be postponed because more and more jobs today require a high level of skill and education. By dropping out of high school, teens are â€Å"locking themselves out of mainstream society and are barred from good- paying jobs†. In addition, dropouts comprise half of all heads of households on welfare and more than half of all people in jail. But teens will continue to drop out of school unless ways can be found to help them realize that education is the key to achieving a successful life. Working together, teens and educators can explore who drops out and why and then look for ways to help all young people stay in school and receive the education they need. This view was reaffirmed in the study by Hunt, (2008) who also found that dropping out is often a process rather than the result of one single event, and therefore has more than one proximate cause.

Learn Mandarin Chinese with Pinyin Romanization

Learn Mandarin Chinese with Pinyin Romanization Pinyin is a Romanization system used to learn Mandarin. It transcribes the sounds of Mandarin using the Western (Roman) alphabet. Pinyin is most commonly used in Mainland China for teaching school children to read and it is also widely used in teaching materials designed for Westerners who wish to learn Mandarin. Pinyin was developed in the 1950’s in Mainland China and is now the official Romanization system of China, Singapore, the US Library of Congress, and the American Library Association. Library standards allow for easier access to documents by making it easier to locate Chinese language materials. A worldwide standard also facilitates the exchange of data between institutions in various countries. Learning Pinyin is important. It provides a way to read and write Chinese without using Chinese characters - a major hurdle for most people who want to learn Mandarin. Pinyin Perils Pinyin provides a comfortable base for anyone trying to learn Mandarin: it looks familiar. Be careful though! The individual sounds of Pinyin are not always the same as English. For example, ‘c’ in Pinyin is pronounced like the ‘ts’ in ‘bits’. Here’s an example of Pinyin: Ni hao. This means â€Å"hello† and is the sound of these two Chinese characters: ä ½  Ã¥ ¥ ½ It is essential to learn all the sounds of Pinyin. This will provide the foundation for proper Mandarin pronunciation and will allow you to learn Mandarin more easily. Tones The four Mandarin tones are used for clarifying the meaning of words. They are indicated in Pinyin with either numbers or tone marks: ma1 or mÄ  (high-level tone)ma2 or m (rising tone)ma3 or mÇŽ (falling-rising tone)ma4 or m (falling tone) Tones are important in Mandarin because there are many words with the same sound. Pinyin should be written with tone marks to make the meaning of the words clear. Unfortunately, when Pinyin is used in public places (like on street signs or store displays) it usually does not include the tone marks. Here is the Mandarin version of â€Å"hello† written with tons marks: nÇ  hÇŽo or ni3 hao3. Standard Romanization Pinyin is not perfect. It uses many letter combinations which are unknown in English and other Western languages. Anyone who has not studied Pinyin is likely to mispronounce the spellings. Despite its shortcomings, it’s best to have a single system of Romanization for the Mandarin language. Before the official adoption of Pinyin, the differing Romanization systems created confusion about the pronunciation of Chinese words.

Philosphy of Nursing Essays

Philosphy of Nursing Essays Philosphy of Nursing Essay Philosphy of Nursing Essay My philosophy of nursing is centered on the needs of the patients; both physical and emotional. Patient’s needs are not just limited to their primary illness; but their needs include the whole person and their family. A nurse must have the ability to adapt to each patient’s situation and realize that although the core values of the care provided is theoretically the same; each patient requires an individualized plan of care. In my practice, I try to develop a good relationship with each of my patients. In the operating room instilling a level of comfort that encourages them to voice their concerns about their care, upcoming procedure, and possible outcomes is vital to the patient’s wellbeing. Florence Nightingale’s theory involving the environment of care is the primary focus of my day to day nursing; however, Hildegard Peplau’s theory of the many roles a nurse must play when caring for a patient is paramount if I am to provide the best possible care to the surgical patient (Blais Hayes, 2011). Healthcare and nursing were foreign to me when I entered nursing school. I was sure of two things when I started the program. Feeling a sense of accomplishment at the end of the day was very important and I loved caring for others. As I continued my journey through nursing school and into the workforce I developed my own philosophy about nursing. In the operating room the controlled environment and the technical aspects of patient care are very important. If any one area is compromised, the outcome for the surgical patient could be poor. Florence Nightingale believed the environment of care affected the patient’s wellbeing and if one aspect was missing poor health or illness would occur (Blais Hayes, 2011). Florence Nightingale defined nursing a hundred years ago as â€Å"utilizing the environment of a patient to assist in recovery† (Blais Hayes, 2011, p. 100). Nightingale believed that there PHILOSOPHY OF NURSING 3 were five environmental factors linked to a person’s health; pure fresh air, pure water, efficient drainage, cleanliness, and direct sunlight. If any of these five factors were lacking poor health and illness was sure to occur (Blais Hayes, 2011). She refused the theories of contagions or germ infections. She believed that diseases would develop on their own from lack of air, poor lighting, or an improper diet. Patient care came before anything and anything that interfered with that should be cast aside. Because of her concern for the welfare of her patients, she preferred her theory above the theory of â€Å"infections† (Benedict, 2012, p. 2). Nightingale also emphasized the importance of keeping patient’s warm (Blais Hayes, 2011). It is the standard of care today for patients to be actively warmed during surgery from fluids or air convection. Studies have shown these patients have shorter hospital stays and fewer postop complications, such as infections and postop pain. Nutrition was also another focus of Nightingale’s theory (Blais Hayes, 2011). She taught others to make sure the sick patients ate well and in a timely manner. She believed wellness and healing was promoted by a healthy diet, â€Å"The role of proteins in the onset and progression of disease is important because of their enzymatic, transport, and recognition-receptor functions in cellular physiology† (McCance, Heuther, Brasher, Rote, 2010, p. 12). Hildegard Peplau was psychiatric nurse who in the midst of nursing theories relating to individual care delved into a theory encompassing â€Å"the client unit† (Forchuk Dorsay, 1995, p. 2). Patient’s undergoing surgical procedures have many concerns and questions. The same is true for their families. The nurse must be able to establish a relationship with each patient which encourages freedom to ask questions without feeling â€Å"dumb†. Patient interviews must also be directed with broad open question to allow the patient to express their anxieties and fears (Forchuk Dorsay, 1995). PHILOSOPHY OF NURSING 4 Peplau also believed the nurse would have varying roles throughout the course of the patient’s care. â€Å"During the nurse client relationship, nurses assume many roles: stranger, teacher, resource person, surrogate leader, and counselor† (Blais Hayes, 2011, p. 100). This theory is practiced more often in the mental health settings; however it is fitting for all aspects of nursing. Preoperatively nurses are the patient’s teachers and counselors, helping them to understand their upcoming procedures and cope with anxieties. Intraoperatively the nurse is the resource person and leader, providing the needs and protecting the compromised patient. In the postoperative phase, the nurse is a resource person and a teacher for the patient and his or her at home caregiver or family member. In conclusion, Florence Nightingale and Hildegard Peplau both have relevant theories applicable to the modern nurse. As a surgical nurse I share the philosophy of Florence Nightingale, because of her rigorous belief in the affect the environment of care has on a patient’s health. Peplau’s philosophy to develop relationships with the patient and the family is also part of my fundamental beliefs when providing patient care. As a nurse and most especially a surgical nurse I am all things to the patient and their family throughout the course of their surgical procedure. PHILOSOPHY OF NURSING 5 References Benedict, E. (2012). The Constant Flame from the archives, three articles that explore the life and legend of Florence Nightingale. Canadian Nurse, 108(5), 18-20. Hayes, K. K. , Blias, J. S. (2011). Professional Nursing Practice: Concepts and Perspectives (6th ed. ). In K. K. Hayes, Professional Nursing Practice: Concepts and Perspectives (6th ed. ). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson. Forchuk, C. , Dorsay, J. (1995). Hildegard Peplau meets family systems nursing: innovation in theory-based practice. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 21(1), 110-115. doi:10. 1046/j. 13652648. 1995. 21010110. x McCance, K. L. , Huether, S. E. , Brasher, V. L. , Rote, N. S. (2010). Proteins. In H. S. McCance Kathryn, Pathophysiology: the Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children, 6th ed. (p. 12). Maryland Heights, Missouri: Mosby Elsevier.

East Asia in the Modern World Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

East Asia in the Modern World - Essay Example Moreover, both movements consider the spiritual history in material and selfless sense. In both counts, the material self means an individual’s material body that is ever considered real while on the other hand, the selfless is the spiritual consideration of the material body not being real. Notably, the material self often manifest itself in the violent millenarian movements as the selfless struggles often lead to peace of the inner mind (Ebrey, Walthall, and Palais 333). Apparently, both the Taipings and the Tonghaks are inspired by the â€Å"selfless† notion that has made them evade overt violence; however, the movements often attract some elements that are associated with material self-struggle. Despite series of similarities shared by the Taipings and the Tonghaks, they also have some notable differences. The Taipings and the Tonghaks do not share collective sense in the spiritual world. For several decades, the Taiping founded a dream based on the peace and egalitarianism concepts. These concepts led to corruption, murder, power struggle, and terrible dictatorships (Ebrey, Walthall, and Palais 357). On the other hand, the teachings of the Tonghak advocated for terrestrial salvation; however, it did not teach the realization of the earthly heaven. Regardless of its miniature contributions to the early heaven, it initiated sociopolical reforms that trained and set the minds of people to believe on humanity have God’s nature or humanity is God and humanity is to be achieved through salvation that only comes through an individual’s own

Operational Effectiveness of Dow Chemical Co. (Dow) Essay

Operational Effectiveness of Dow Chemical Co. (Dow) - Essay Example This essay explores basically four inter-related processes in relation to the operational effectiveness cycle.   The first process involves the leading and controlling of functional performance such as sales, production, logistics, research, and development among others. These functions are specialized to ensure that there is focus on the organization’s core competencies, which differentiate the company from its competitors. Aside from the functions, processes also play a vital role in the company’s operations. As such, measuring and improving processes or standard methods follow. Operational effectiveness also requires the constant and systematic search for opportunities to leverage the company’s core expertise. These processes result in the continuous improvement in functional performance. Dow is a $33 billion enterprise, which serves customers in more than 180 countries. The company may be virtually unknown to the end-user sector since its products are not g enerally used by consumers. Dow provides innovative â€Å"building block† chemical, plastics and agricultural products that form part of a wide range of consumer industries. Top industries for Dow’s products include automotive and transportation, building maintenance and construction, electronics and entertainment, food and food packaging, health and medicine, home care and improvement, paper and publishing, and water purification. In an interview with Mr. William S. Stavropoulos, Dow Chairman, and Chief Executive Officer, he admitted that the company has undergone massive restructuring and changes in its product line. Its corporate plan is divided into two phases, the positioning stage, and growth stage.

Marketing Research on Reynolds Pen Essay Example for Free

Marketing Research on Reynolds Pen Essay We are deeply indebted to Ms. Malvika Mago for her constant support guidance and inspiration in completion of the program and preparation of this document. Our sincere thanks for giving me invaluable suggestion. We are also grateful to other employee of reynolds pen for their encouragement and help. We would like to express our sincere gratitude to reynolds for giving us an opportunity to complete our project. last but not the least; we would like to thank our parents and friends for their moral support throughout the project. Pens introduced to India, international quality writing instruments, and marketed them under the brand name Reynolds. It was also he first company to build a brand in a category that behaved more like a commodity till then. Over the last 20 years, G. M. Pens has invested substantially in building a large manufacturing base with facilities in Chennai and Pondicherry. A state of the art RD facility, one of the most sophisticated in the Reynolds family worldwide, has ensured that the latest in writing technology is available to the Indian consumers. G. M. Pens offers the widest range of writing instruments and accessories in the Indian market. A variety of writing instruments including ball pens, gel pens, fountain ens, mechanical pencils, markers, handy boards and childrens colouring pens that cater to consumers from the age group of six to sixty are marketed under the brand name Reynolds. A continuous focus on consistent quality and a constant endeavour to provide quality products at affordable prices have ensured that Reynolds has been the numero uno in the Indian writing instruments market. A substantial investment has also been made in establishing the Reynolds brand name through the mass media, especially through television and press ads, in an effort to convert the category from a commodity to a brand dominated one. The companys products are available in three hundred thousand retail outlets across India covered through a network consisting of 1800 redistribution stockiest and 27 main stockiest. This is facilitated by a sales and marketing team of over 300 professionals. Established in 1927 at la Ferte-Milon in France, Reynolds has over the past eight decades been a leader in writing instruments in Europe and the rest of the world. In 1946, the headquarters and factory were shifted to Valence, in the south of France. The company is headquartered at Valence till date. With 450 employees, Reynolds, France has a daily production of 4 million writing instruments. Of this, exports account for 50% of sales. It has a worldwide market presence in 80 countries around the globe. Reynolds has 12 of its own manufacturing units established in Africa, Asia and the Middle East. The year 1999 was a landmark year in the history of Reynolds. Since then it has been a member company of Sanford Corporation, USA. Sanford is a US $ 1. 2 billion company. Sanford is in turn the writing instruments division of the US $ 7 billion Newell Rubbermaid group. Sanford has the broadest range of writing, arking, coloring and drawing products worldwide.The main objective of our project is to know why the sales of Reynolds pen have declined so drastically and what are the reasons behind this . To know reasons behind this we did exploratory research to know- Why the consumers have switched to other company products. What is the defect in product. 0 Assess the current market share of Reynolds pen. 0 Is there any problem in design of pen. 0 Is there any problem in creating awareness about product The factors which are affecting our research design are Qualitative and Quantitative actors. To know this we will conduct Qualitative research first because we want to know why the sales of Reynolds pen has been declining and secondly we will conduct Quantitative research to know what are the reasons behind this. The type of research used for our study was an exploratory research, as the objective of the research was to have in depth understanding what are the reasons why the sales of Reynolds pen has been declining continuously . We have started our research. However we covered a specific list of topics and sub areas. This was done in the form of close ended question, where the timing, exact wording and time allocated to each question area was left at the interviewers. Since the research was qualitative as well as quantitative more emphasis has to be given while collecting data. Discretion open structure ensured that inspected facts or data could peruse easily. Mode of Interviewing: In research we have done face to face interview Sampling:- It consists of primary data and secondary data. Primary data was collected by applying probability. Under Non-probability we will use Convenience Sampling because we have to collect data from college going students . Where as secondary data was obtained by seeing past sales records of Reynolds pen, magazines, newspapers and by various other methods. Sample size:- We have selected sample of 100 college going students . We have kept our sample size small so that we may collect data accurately with precession. If we would have elected large sample size it would have become difficult for us to collect data.

Schizophrenia :: Health, Mental Disorder

Schizophrenia is a degenerative mental disorder that affects millions of people worldwide. The term schizophrenia comes from the Greek roots schizen â€Å"to split† and phren â€Å"mind† so it is referred to as a as a â€Å"split-mind disease.† Eugen Bleuler diagnosed the first case of schizophrenia in 1908, but Auguste Morel had characterized the disease over 40 years earlier in 1860 (Wikipedia 109). Characteristics of schizophrenia include positive and negative symptoms that manifest in very different ways. The positive symptoms include psychotic behavior such as auditory hallucinations and delusions as well as disorganized characteristics such as paranoid affect and a disordered thought process. On the other hand, negative symptoms signify a loss of normal activity and can include social withdrawal, flat affect, and psychomotor retardation (103 lecture). Having schizophrenia can result in average decrease in life expectancy of 12-15 years (due to its associati on with secondary side affects (wiki 2). Studies now show that schizophrenia has a global lifetime prevalence of around 1-2%, and accounts for up to half of all psychiatric inpatients (103 lecture). The debilitating effects of Schizophrenia usually results in a poor quality of life for the millions of people who suffer from the disease, so it is of the utmost importance to investigate its causes and potential treatments. Many brain regions such as the prefrontal cortex, basil ganglia, and the cerebellum have been implicated as potential sources of schizophrenia’s affects (103 lecture). It has been hypothesized that the medications used to treat Schizophrenia work to restore the neural conductivity and activity to the region of affect by restoring proper neurotransmitter function. Current treatment of Schizophrenia utilizes atypical antipsychotics, such as Aripiprazole (Abilify), Clozaril (Clozapine), and Risperdal (Resperidone) (Schizophrenia.com). These medications have contributed significantly to the study of Schizophrenia and are now the primary basis by which researchers study the neurological effects of the disease. Many major neurotransmitter systems such as Serotonin (5-HT), Dopamine (DA), and Glutamate (NMDA) have now been implicated in Schizophrenia and it is possible that complex interactions between these systems lead to the neurological effects of the disease. This paper will prim arily focus on the Serotonin neurotransmitter system, with respect to the 5-HT2A receptors in the brain. The 5-HT2a Receptor While the cause of schizophrenia is largely unknown there is evidence that it is a result of abnormal brain pharmacology. The role of the 5-HT receptors in schizophrenia has come to light in the past few decades when it was found that the new generation of antipsychotics (referred to as atypical antipsychotics) act as potent 5-HT2a receptor antagonists relative to the antagonistic effect on dopamine receptors (Herbert Y.

Promote Equality and Inclusion

Promoting Equality And Inclusion I am writing this booklet to inform all members of staff, adult carers, children and young people about supporting understanding and to raise awareness of equality, diversity and inclusion. Equality and inclusion are moral and legal obligations. As a practitioner you have a role in ensuring that in all aspects of your work every personas given opportunities to thrive and prevent any barriers that may stop them from reaching their full potential. Equality and inclusion are moral and legal obligations.As a practitioner you have a role in ensuring that in all aspects of your work every personas given opportunities to thrive and prevent any barriers that may stop them from reaching their full potential. Diversity. Diversity means difference. People are different in values such as race, religion, beliefs, disability, sex and values. Even though people are different this doesn’t mean they are excluded from society, everyone has similarities such as c ommon interests. ‘Diversity refers to the differences in values, attitudes, cultures, beliefs, skills and life experience of each individual in any group of people. ’(Meggit, C. 011, Page 27) Equality ‘Equality is about creating a fairer society, where everyone can participate and has the opportunity to fulfill their potential’ (London deanery, 2012). Equality does not mean that everyone has to be treated the same. People have different needs and ambitions, every person should have equality of opportunity. Promoting equality should remove discrimination in all of the areas of bullying, harassment or victimization. Inclusion ‘Inclusion is a term used to describe the process of ensuring the equality of learning opportunities for all children and young people, whatever their disabilities or disadvantages. (Meggit, C. 2011, page 27). Children and young people should be able to have the opportunity to do well. This is the opposite to discrimination. Discri mination Discrimination is not treating people equally based on personal characteristics, such as race and colour. Discrimination is usually based on prejudice and stereotypes. A prejudice is a pre-conceived opinion or in favour of something. It is prejudging someone knowing little about them but jumping conclusions because of a characteristic such as their appearance. A stereotype is a person or thing that conforms to an unjustifiably fixed, usually standardised, mental picture.The most common stereotypes are: sex and gender, racial origins, cultural or social background, disability and age. There are two types of discrimination : direct discrimination- This is when a child is treated less favourably than others for example being bullied is direct. ‘Indirect discrimination-this is when a condition is applied that will unfairly affect a particular group of children or young people’. (Meggitt,C (2011) p. 29) Potential effects of discrimination Discrimination prevents chi ldren and young people from developing a feeling of self-worth or self-esteem.Being discriminated against can last the whole child’s life. This means that they may not be able to fulfill their full potential maybe in school and in life they will find it hard to form relationships with others such as teachers and friends this is down to the lack of confidence they have from the discrimination and also lack of self-esteem and self-worth. They will eventually believe the stereotype or label they have being given from the discrimination against them and behave in accordance to others expectations and accordingly to the stereotype.The child or young person may feel like they are to blame for their unfair treatment and so withdraw themselves; this may lead to aggression and will prevent children and young people from interacting cooperatively with other children and young people. H ow inclusive practice promotes equality and supports diversity ‘Inclusive practice is term used within education of ensuring equality of learning opportunities for all children and young people whatever their disabilities or disadvantages. ’ (Meggit,C,2011, page 30).We have a diverse population and some of this diversity brings with it a range of social and educational issues that practitioners will need to recognise, understand and work with. All practitioners must work in a way that supports equality of opportunity and promotes diversity and inclusion. This means breaking down barriers that prevent children and young people from fulfilling their full potential. You must challenge all discrimination and follow the laws and policies set in your workplace.Differentiate all activities set to enable all children take part and achieve this is promoting equality, also promote all positive attitudes towards diversity by making sure all that the materials, toys, books and displays reflect the diverse society that we live in. Practitioners Bibliography London deanery available at http://www. faculty. londondeanery. ac. uk/e-learning/diversity-equal-opportunities-and-human-rights/what-is-equality-and-diversity (accessed on the 4th October 2012) Meggit,C. Kamen,T. Bruce,K. Grenier,J. (2011)children and young people’s workforce. 1st edition. London;Hodder Education.

Planarian Behavior Essay

Planaria belong to the class Turbella of the phylum Platyhelminthes. This paper depicts the behavioral reaction of Planarians to a variety of settings and compounds to better understand this particular Platyhelminthes. With a plastic syringe, it is possible to extract a sample of planaria, place into a Petri dish with enough freshwater and observe under a laboratory provided microscope. While on the microscope platform, expose your sample to light and darkness to notice the patterns of locomotion and movement throughout the conditioning tray. Probe the individuals with an object to spot any type of distinct change in response, negative or positive. Tap the side and surroundings of the dish to notice if there is any different adjustment in movement. Add sound to surrounding, noting any alter. Obtain a second sample, labeled separately, and use one dish to apply Hydrochloric Acid and the other to salt (NaCl) water. Note: Only using minimal amount or as needed. Using the tools provided, cut an individual in half to discover if the subject dies or survives. In conclusion, the Planarian makes it choice by moving towards the darkened areas, favorably. When applied to light, the individuals fled towards the edge. Any sudden object, sound, or altering didn’t affect the objects intentions. After five drops of 6 mol HCl (aq), the sample died of very quickly; however, five drops of 6 mol NaCl (aq) did not kill off near as quick. It was applied directly to the conditioning trays. Introduction Members of the phylum Platyhelminthes have a worm-like shape. The Platyhelminth has a bilateral symmetry and meets any provided situation in an â€Å"aggressive, head-on approach. Cephalization, a specialism of the anterior end of the animal, can be depicted in the gathering of sensory arrangement and cluster of nerves, also known as the ganglia or its brain, in the head region. Many of the behaviors you will see are associated to increases in mobility, higher activity, and general increase in responsiveness† (Collins, Harker 1999). Most planarians are free-living and common in freshwater environments, also found in marine and terrestrial places. Two ventral nerve cords run the length of the body. Located in the anterior end are two eyespots which possess photoreceptors to detect any form of light. Normally, a planarian contains a gastrovascular cavity that provides space for digestion tracts and the circulation of nutrient throughout the body. The mouth is located on the ventral end, which is the site for both food digestion and/or the release of bodily wastes. â€Å"Planarians are able to regenerate from essentially any type of injury and present a novel system for the study of wound responses in regeneration initiation. Planarian regeneration requires adult stem cells called neoblasts and amputation triggers two peaks in neoblast mitoses early in regeneration† (Wenemoser, Reddien 2010). Planarians are highly recognizable due to their ability to regenerate from the smallest body part. Typically vary in color from grey, brown or black. They seemingly move about on the bottom of rocks or submerged vegetation. Many are negatively phototactic, which simply means they shy away from any form of light fixture. Each worm has both male and female reproducing organs; however, they are monoecious in that they are not self-fertilizing. The most common form is asexual. They appear for function mainly as osmoregulation, the control of the levels of water and mineral salts in the blood. Planarians must constantly eliminate excess water and are carnivores that feed primarily on protozoans and other small animals. What is a Planarians reaction to a light fixture or exposed directly? Does it affect them in any way? What is the difference in responses from light and darkness? By inserting objects to the planarians path, does it alter their behavior? What about exposing them to sound or movement? Does making the water more acidic or basic affect the health and/or behavioral responses? Which is more likely to kill or harm the sample individuals? What are some distinct or unique characteristics definite in the planarian body structure that can be easily observed from a laboratory microscope? Do the individual samples favor any tests performed over the opposite stimulus? What could cause the planarians to move the way they are observed? I feel that given the ecological surroundings the planarian can be discovered, I imagine that the exposure of light will overwhelm the samples tolerance since they become adapt to living underneath rocks, plants, and other submerged vegetation in marine and freshwater environments. Inserting objects would just be like adding an obstacle course, so I’m predicting they would maneuver and meander around the objects. Acid always seems to be, in most cases, more harmful than any bases or salt compounds, for this test I will be assuming the 6 mol HCl will dramatically harm, if not kill, any planarian currently living about the conditioning tray. After the 6 mol NaCl is added to the Petri dish, I’m sure it will have an effect on them to an extent, seeing that some Planaria are capable of living in marine waters. Due to the fact that every piece of evidence available via text or online source, many testimonies have been provided that planarian individuals favor shaded as opposed to exposed areas of sun light or artificial light sources. Right away it will be easily distinguishable as to which technique will provide the most responsiveness to behavior. I don’t feel that creating any type of sound or movement that could be applied directly to the sample will alter or change the reaction of the planarians provided, since they are encompassed inside containers near such activities no matter what or where they are designated to be. I feel the most advantageous examinations will be the light versus dark and adding chemical compound to the already steady pH water provided. Materials and Methods Materials that were included in this lab include at least nine individual planarians, one metric ruler, two probing tools, one laboratory scanning microscope, three Petri dishes and lids or watch glasses, a vile of 6 mol HCl, a vile of 6 mol NaCl, a plastic pipette, one pen and/or permanent marker, and one lab notebook. Other things that could be used include a thermometer and a magnifying glass. With a dropper, we transferred planarian from the culture dish to a Petri dish and were sure to add enough water so that animal could glide freely over a small area of the dish. Next, we drew and labeled the ventral nerve cords, pharynx, eyespots, ganglia and gastrovascular cavity (see Figure 1 to identify these particular structures). To perform this experiment, we placed a petry glass on the stage of the microscope to view through the scanning lens. First, measurements were taken to note the length of the various planaria. By turning the light fixture on and off, we recorded any and all movement. Then with the three planaria, we used the probing tools to cut the planaria in half and used three of the halves that were left to observe any form of regeneration in the water provided. The other three were placed to regenerate in a separate petry dish to ensure they did not mix together. Of the remaining six planaria, we placed three in separate petry glasses. One of the glasses was used to add five drops of 6 mol HCl and the remaining petry glass was used to add five drops of 6 mol NaCl. After applying the chemicals to the water, one at a time in order for accurate and precise recording, we noted any changes in mobility, reactions, color, and/or functions. Added obstacles to the paths of some of the planarian and slowly tilted the glass back and forth to create water flow and movement. This was to ensure we created or reenacted any type of ecosystem the planaria may exist in to allow for maximum behavioral responses to different scenarios. This allowed for the most of the laboratory experiment and the more tests performed provide more precise results. Results After placing three planarians into a single petry dish, I placed the watch glass onto the stage of the microscope to first indentify body structures, organs, and gain knowledge into the ‘normal’ behavior of a single planaria. Using the metric ruler, I was able to establish the average length of the planaria to be 10 mm in length. As the light fixture remained off, I took notice that all of the planarians in the glass performed and acted in similar ways. They were free-moving, covering all surface provided within the water. After turning the lighting fixture on, each planarian scurried towards the water’s edge only to be trapped within the area provided. It appeared to me as if they were trying to evade the light in search of a more suitable and sustainable environment. Next, I used the probing tool to create an obstacle to see if they reacted any different to a new placement. Unfortunately, that was not the case; they simply went around or avoided it all together. As I came towards the adding chemicals section of the experiment, I used the tool to cut the planarian in half, to prove the theory of regeneration. The anterior end went about as if it was barely affected; however, the posterior end was quite the opposite, yet it still possessed signs of life and locomotion to an extent. Then I went ahead and used the remaining six planarian to test for any type of ability to survival when introduced to hydrochloric acid and salt water. After separating the samples into even numbered dishes, I first applied five drops of six molar HCl to the first sample. This almost simultaneously killed all of the living organisms within the dish. Next, I placed the same amount of six molar NaCl to the last dish; however this reaction was much different. After directly applying the salt water, the planaria seemed to behave abnormal, increasing they movement and livelihood. I was surprised that it didn’t kill them off as the hydrochloric acid did. It was almost as if they began to adapt or tolerate the new conditions. My only thought was that since a small percentage live in marine ecosystems, they are able to live in such conditions to an extent or within a certain limit. To my surprise they managed to live throughout the entire procedure. See Table 1 and 2 Discussions Exposing the planaria to light went as anticipated. Before the lab even began, it was very evident that these organisms were more prone to darkness; hence the reason for finding them on the underside of submerged items. â€Å"Most planarians are also light-sensitive and in some, pigmented light-sensitive cells are clumped in two cups that serve as primitive eyes† ( Kobayashi 2008). The one thing that caught my eye was how quick they were to avoid and almost escape the direct light, was as if they were in grave danger. I was rather intrigued to discover that although these animals are able to regenerate, I still was having a hard time believing they would still live for reasons of doubt; but after separating the body parts into halves, it reminded me much of an earth worm. When you go to capture an earthworm from the ground, and you accidentally break them or rip them into halves, each halve squirms away as almost if unharmed or phased. The placing of obstacles came to no surprise. Just as for any living organism, if it comes across an object in its path, the organism finds other means of getting around or avoiding all together. If it didn’t suit the planarian, it moved on. When adding the hydrochloric acid, I could only think one thing. If acid was applied to our skin or in great quantities in our ecosystem, we are exposed to a very harmful substance and more often times than not cannot tolerate a highly exposure rate. As I began to reach the final drop of acid into the dish, the organisms inside already began to show signs of death or nearing the end of life all together. The sodium chloride, however, was a different story. I didn’t really know what to expect. It could have went one of two ways, either erratically change the behavior and response to such chemicals or merely phase them at all. Much like the HCl, they weren’t used to such components and surely didn’t accept it; but even after adding all of the substance, it seemed as if the planaria were able to still find ways to adapt or tolerate expose to it. Unlike the HCl, they were able to survive. Consluion The results did prove my hypothesis correct. The planarians behavior response to light was vastly affected to the amount of exposure to direct light. There was an increase in mobility, higher activity, and general increase in responsiveness when any form of light was applied to the sample. Adding obstacles didn’t take much affect on the individuals, it simply just made an inconvenience and planned around it. By introducing hydrochloric acid and sodium chloride, it created a whole new means of survival of the fittest. The hydrochloric acid instantly killed off all the planarian exposed to the chemical, much like I predicted. The sodium chloride almost seemed as if it left the sample unharmed. In conclusion, there are several things I would also have included to this experiment for more discoveries. Things such as increase or decrease in water temperature, measuring the temperature at given times to note any changes in response to the change. Also, maybe adding other types of aqueous solutions to the mix, or perhaps compound that would change the performance of the viewed planarian, such as caffeine.

Romance Is In the Eyre †English Essay

Romance Is In the Eyre – English Essay Free Online Research Papers Romance Is In the Eyre English Essay When the title of the novel Jane Eyre is first heard by any reader, what is the first thing that comes to mind? Fairy tales, Gothicism, sociology? No, the answer is romanticism. Whether one thinks of romance or of the many smaller criterions that create the romantic genre, it is apparent: Jane Eyre is a novel with an obvious theme of romanticism. After reading and fully understanding Jane Eyre, one is able to understand the different techniques and styles of writing that Charlotte Brontà « used to create the romantic genre thread that is found throughout the entire novel. In the novel, Jane Eyre, a high moral tone is evident in author Charlotte Brontà «Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s writing. The novel is set in the Victorian era, a time during which the Emotionalist Moral Philosophy was popular. Brontà «, whose father was a reverend, expresses her own deeply religious views and morals through her writing, placing Jane Eyre in the romantic novel genre. Although seemingly insignificant at first glance, there are many religious references throughout this novel. The title character, Jane, follows a strict moral code and has a very religious (though hypocritical) upbringing at Lowood School. Mr. Rochester, her love interest, on the other hand, appears to have no concept of morality and chooses instead to ignore his problems and deny any religion. At the end of the novel, however, after Rochester is blinded in the fire, his physical disability causes him to have a spiritual and moral resurrection. Early on in the novel, while Jane is at Lowood, she meets Helen Burns, a young woman with an extensive set of morals and a deep belief in God. Helen is strong and martyr-like, and teaches Jane to trust God and develop her own sense of Christianity. Even after Helen’s death from typhus, she remains a strong religious influence on Jane’s life. In addition, social, personal, and religious integrity often depended upon a choice between sensuality (what feels good physically) and morality (what feels good emotionally). When Jane discovers that Rochester is already married to Bertha Mason, she chooses not to marry him because by doing so, she would render herself not his wife, but his mistress. Jane’s choice in this situation was a way for Brontà « to add her own morals to the story. Choices like this throughout the novel make it obvious that Brontà «Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s writing is in a high moral tone. Besides the criteria for romanticism of writing in a high moral tone, the focus of optimism helps to create the romantic genre. Author Ann Woodlief once wrote, â€Å"the 18th century left a heritage of optimism about mans possibilities and perfectibility† (Woodlief, American Romanticism). Later in that article, entitled â€Å"American Romanticism,† Woodlief goes on to talk about optimism in all forms, faith in God, and joy amongst human beings. These examples of optimism are also evident in the novel Jane Eyre. Jane was not originally an optimistic person. It was not until she met Helen Burns and came across another way of viewing life that she altered her outlook. Helen helped show Jane that it is okay to put her faith in God. As Helen lay dying, Jane was surprised to find her beloved friend not scared, but instead claiming to be very happy Jane; and when you hear that I am dead, you must be sure not to grieve: there is nothing to grieve about†¦I have faith: I am going to God. (Brontà « 69) Jane questioned Helens views, but eventually adapted them and took them as her own, using these views to guide herself through difficult times. Not only did Jane show optimism in her beliefs, but also in her emotions towards Mr. Rochester. Jane finally matures and grows attached to another human being. She sees him in the highest light and finds great joy in his presence. When Bessie, Janes old friend, comes to visit her in her new life at Thornfield, it is noted that since Mr. Rochester has been in the picture, Jane has more life, more vivacity; because [she] had brighter hopes and keener enjoyments. (Brontà « 133) Jane has come to see that by the life and presence of someone else, she can feel utter happiness and see her relationships, God, and life in an optimistic light. In this novel, as well as in other romantic novels, â€Å"actions speak louder than words.† This means that more action takes place than words of explanation and detail that simply describe scenes. Beginning as early as Jane’s childhood, Brontà « employs this â€Å"actions over words† modus operandi. When Jane sees her cousin, John Reed, â€Å"lift and poise the book and stand in act to hurl it [at Jane]†(Brontà « 8), Jane starts to bicker with John obnoxiously. Yet rather than just continuing with useless ranting, Jane and John begin to quarrel physically. As John â€Å"ran headlong at [Jane]†¦ [She struck] a young gentleman†. (Brontà « 9) The form of action instead of just description gives the reader a better sense of what happens in the novel. By having the actual physical drama of Jane and John fighting, the reader is able to understand the scene fully and create an image in their mind rather than just explaining that both children were mad at each other. Later in the novel, the night before the marriage of Jane and Mr. Rochester, action takes place as Bertha comes into Jane’s room and ruins Jane’s veil. The reader is informed that â€Å"[Bertha] removed [Jane’s] veil from its gaunt head, rent it in two parts, and flinging both on the floor, trampled on them.† (Brontà « 242) While Brontà « could have simply said that a bad omen had occurred when Jane woke the before her wedding, she decided to actually describe the events that had occurred that night. In literature, and in Jane Eyre, the changing seasons and setting cause the characters attitudes and feelings to shift. Janes outlook on life during the cold, dreary winter she spent at Lowood School was unenthusiastic and negative. Towards the beginning of the novel the temperature outside was frigid and their clothing was insufficient to protect [us] from the severe cold. (Brontà « 50) No one at Lowood had warmed up to Jane at this time, since she was a new student and had no acquaintances. The iciness and cold outside was a parallel Janes inner thoughts as she faced the difficulties of fitting in and making friends. However, as the frosts of winter melted away, flowers began to bloom and flourish in the warm weather. Jane had found companions such as Helen and Mary Ann, and was feeling joyous and carefree as she observed the growth and beauty of the plants outdoors. Lowood became all green, all flowery; its great elm, ash, and oak skeletons were restored to majestic life. (Brontà ƒ « 64) For the first time in her life, Jane had real friends and flourished in her schoolwork. For the first time, she was enjoying life. Summer and its accompanying warm weather was a hopeful time for Jane; the sunshine and heat lifted her spirits as she traveled back to Mr. Rochesters house after her aunts death. She was cheered by the fact that she was going back to a permanent home to see the one she loved. As the warmth of summer gradually became the chilliness of autumn and Jane left Lowood to work at Thornfield, she felt uncomfortable and uncertain about her future. She was warming away the numbness and chill contracted by sixteen hours exposure to the rawness of an October day (Brontà « 79) as she had second thoughts about coming to Thornfield. By using the setting and nature to reflect Janes thoughts and feelings in Jane Eyre, Charlotte Brontà « sets the novel in the romantic genre. Further proving that Jane Eyre is a romantic genre novel is the concept of the hero, Jane, struggling to attain an ideal. Jane strives for such things as freedom, love, social equality, education, and spiritual wholeness throughout the novel. In the beginning, when Jane is at Lowood School, she struggles to find spiritual wholeness. Jane comes across several models of religion, beginning with Helen Burns and Mr. Brocklehurst, and later on, St. John Rivers. Jane rejects Helen’s meek and passive interpretation of Christianity, Mr. Brocklehurst’s hypocritical and humiliating mode of Christianity, and St. John’s ambitious, self-righteous form of Christianity. Jane also searches not just for romantic love, but also for a sense of being valued, of belonging. Towards the beginning of the novel, Jane she says to Helen, â€Å"to gain some real affection from you, or Miss Temple, or any other whom I truly love, I would willingly submit to have the bone of my arm broken, or to let a bull toss me, or to stand behind a kicking horse, and let it dash its hoof at my chest†. (Brontà « 59) Jane eventually finds both love and social class equality when she marries Mr. Rochester after he is blinded in the fire. She feels as though she is now his equal and the â€Å"master vs. servant† roles are no longer in place. This struggle to attain an ideal is evidence of the romantic genre. Throughout the course of the novel, Jane finds an escape from her troublesome life through the books that she cherishes, as well as other forms of artistic expression, such as her paintings. During her time living at Gateshead, Jane reads to get her mind off the poor treatment that she receives from her aunt and cousins. When she is at Lowood, painting is used as her getaway from the humdrum life in her current position. With arriving at Thornfield and discussing her artwork with Mr. Rochester, she states that she painted these works as an escape from her everyday life during the summer at Lowood. â€Å"I had nothing else to do, because it was the vacation, and I sat at them from morning till noon, and from noon till night: the length of the midsummer days favoured my inclination to apply.† (Brontà « 108) The seemingly constant, although subtle, presence of the library at Thornfield creates an undertone emphasizing the importance of literature. In addition, Jane encounters he r beloved books again when she befriends Diana and Mary Rivers, and the literature helps her cope with the coolness that St. John appears to have, as opposed to the warmth of Mary and Diana. All of the aspects of a romantic genre novel are noticeably and clearly evident to the reader in Jane Eyre. A romantic novel is considered to be one with high moral tone, an optimistic outlook, focus on action rather than character development, setting and nature which reflect the feelings of the characters, heroes struggling to attain ideals, and reading providing an escape from the daily existence of the protagonist. Charlotte Brontà « effectively utilizes each of these examples to convey a romantic theme in her novel Jane Eyre. Charlotte Brontà «: An Overview. 1 Jan. 06 Brontà «, Charlotte. Jane Eyre. Third ed. New York: W.W. Norton Company, Inc., 2001. Woodlief, Ann. â€Å"American Romanticism.† September 18th, 2001. 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Technology and Leadership

Technology and Leadership Introduction Instructional design is the usage of a methodical style to provide a solution to an instructional challenge. It starts with the identification of the challenges facing learners and then establishes whether an instructional method provides the most efficient solution (Wagner, 2011).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Technology and Leadership specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Such solutions apply appropriate technology and theoretical approach to learning. This essay undertakes an evaluation of the role of instructional design principles and theory on the ability to make rational decisions regarding leadership and learning. The Influence of Instructional Design Principles and Theory Leadership is geared towards the conception of ideas for the future, formation of calculated priorities and building an atmosphere of trust between and inside organizations. Good leadership is a progressive development and require s inspirational influence and the ability to attract a loyal following. Implementation of technology in education, particularly the use of computers and related technology has witnessed rapid growth. The use of such material penetrates all aspects of human life (Wagner Ice, 2012). Instructional design principles provide model leadership and education due to their capacity to combine practical and abstract skills as the learners work in cooperation. When presented in several media and viewpoints, information on instruction is likely to last longer. The instructional designers play an important role in curriculum development as they have the necessary skill-set in educational theory and strategy. The designers of instructional materials offer institutions with an opportunity for consistency and continuity in the enhancement of courses. An instructional design program aids in the creation of relevant online courses.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we ca n help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Research outlook moved from investigating the constitution of course resources to establishing the cognitive status of the student (Reinventing society in the wake of big data, 2012). Today’s education is more interested in developing what the student already knows than the makeup of the curriculum. Consequently, technology bridges individual knowledge and formal instruction. Technology ought to be adequately accommodating to adjust to the learners’ current instructional requirements. Therefore, an effective educator is capable of recognizing and correcting the misconstruction and confusion of his students. In case of challenges to learning, instruction founded on technology ought to be accommodating and should adjust to the knowledge and life of students. In a classical sense, learning demands that students devote substantial effort in their undertaking (Reinventing society in the wake of big dat a, 2012). Since the use of technology improves interaction, this form of instruction boosts learning. An instructional design system enables learners to reclaim knowledge and acquire new information using interesting and varying instruments. A student who embraces this form of learning system can conduct research and create original material. In this way, instructional design systems create academic independence and multiple approaches when solving problems. Leadership roles demand that a person should be able to employ quick, critical thinking (Paul Elder, 2006).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Technology and Leadership specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More When faced with a dilemma that requires fast and responsible action, a leader must take the first initiative to lead the rest in seeking a solution. Thinking that entails scrutiny, assessment, creativeness and reflection is the forte of instructional design system o f learning. The capacity to provide solutions to difficult problems is an essential requirement of effective leadership. Since leaders face frequent moral dilemmas, effective leaders serve as role models in their behavior. Effective learning systems ought to enable learners to make good decisions based on critical thinking since issues of morality are all about choice of action. A good learning model, therefore, should build a sense of moral responsibility in learners. The following is a sample material I generated to reflect how instructional design works. Its color and design help attract and retain the learner’s attention. Conclusion Educational institutions and stakeholders should join forces to encourage a culture of effective learning and leadership since technology perpetually alters teaching and learning. Educational stakeholders are expected to improve the value of education and methods of teaching using instructional design systems to provide an alternative way of teaching and learning that is efficient and fun.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More References Reinventing society in the wake of big data. (2012). Web. Paul, R., Elder, L. (2006). Critical thinking: Tools for taking charge of your learning and your life (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson. Wagner, E. (2011). Essay: In search of the secret handshakes of ID. The Journal of Applied Instructional Design, 1(1), 33-37. Wagner, E., Ice, P. (2012). Data changes everything: Delivering on the promise of learning analytics in higher education. Educause Review, 33-42.

Annotated Bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 18

Annotated Bibliography Example On the other hand, Carriveau is also based at the University of Windsor but in the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering. This research paper highlights the engineering issues associated with the turbine blades that come as a result of exposure to different conditions, namely, the Nordic, warm-humid, and desert-like environments. These conditions have been found to affect the surface of blades negatively. In addition, there is the threat by insects, which destroy the blades thereby power generation by the windmills (aerodynamic efficiency) is substantially reduced. It is apparent from the literature review by the authors that the current strategies that have been used to combat the inefficiency of the blades have caused a substantial reduction in income. Through their studies, the authors conclude that the perfect intervention would be a single surface engineered coat that would ensure that the destruction of the blades is minimized. The suggested coating is that of silicon-epoxy-based resins. This research paper was published on the Surface & Coatings Technology journal in 2008 depicting the resistance to corrosion by electroless nickel phosphorous (ENP) coatings on glass fiber-reinforced plastic (GFRP), the most common material that is used in the construction of turbine blade, this follows the destruction of the blades by harsh weather conditions as well as other destructive substances. Through the research, the role of ENP coatings was elucidated. The research is focused on improving the efficiency of tapping wind energy. To develop a strategy of enhancing the efficiency and durability of the turbine blades, a uniform ENP coating was placed on each of the GFRP substrate through electroless plating. The amount of phosphorous in the ENP was inversely proportional to micro-porosity and directly proportional to thickness of the ENP coatings. It was therefore established that high content